Cenicriviroc (Synonyms: TAK-652) |
Catalog No.GC19101 |
Cenicriviroc (CVC) is an oral, dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist with nanomolar potency against both receptors.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 497223-25-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines |
human hepatocyte cell line(Huh7.5,Huh7.5JFH1) |
Preparation Method |
Huh7.5JFH1 cells were plated in 24-well format. After 24 hours, cells were incubated with cenicriviroc.The chemokines MIP-1 alpha MIP-1 beta, and RANTES/CCL5 were quantified in cell supernatants at day 1 and day 3 after addition of Cenicriviroc. |
Reaction Conditions |
Hepatocyte cell line were treated with Cenicriviroc (0.0025, 0.25, 25 ug/mL) for 24 h. |
Applications |
HCV core protein levels were significantly reduced in the presence of 0.25 and 25 ug/mL of cenicriviroc.MIP-1 beta expression at day 1 was somewhat lower in the presence of cenicriviroc compared to the no-drug control condition. |
Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models |
C57BL/6 mice |
Preparation Method |
Cenicriviroc was administered by oral gavage on Days 1–5. On Day 4, peritonitis was induced via IP injection of TG 3.85% (1 mL/animal) 2 hours post-dose. |
Dosage form |
5,20,100mg/kg/day, oral gavage |
Applications |
In vivo mouse model of peritonitis In the TG-induced model of peritonitis, Cenicriviroc treatment led to dose-related decreases in monocyte/macrophage recruitment, of similar or greater magnitude than those observed with dexamethasone.The most potent mediator of chemotaxis for activated macrophages, was reduced following pretreatment with Cenicriviroc at a concentration of 1μM. |
References: [1]. Blackard JT, Kong L, et al. CCR5 receptor antagonism inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro. PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224523. [2]. Lefebvre E, Moyle G, et al. Antifibrotic Effects of the Dual CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist Cenicriviroc in Animal Models of Liver and Kidney Fibrosis. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 27;11(6):e0158156. |
Cenicriviroc (CVC) is an oral, dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist with nanomolar potency against both receptors[1].
Cenicriviroc is a small-molecule chemokine receptor antagonist with highly potent and selective anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity through antagonizing CCR5 as a coreceptor of HIV-1. Cenicriviroc also strongly antagonizes CCR2b, thereby it has potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects[2].
Cenicriviroc is a selective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication.When VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and incubated in the absence of compounds for 3 days, the cells were completely destroyed by the virus-induced cytopathic effect (Fig. 1 B). Such cell destruction was not observed for the infected cells in the presence of 20 μM Cenicriviroc, although some morphological changes were identified[3].
Repeated intrathecal injections of Cenicriviroc in a dose-dependent manner alleviated neuropathic pain-related behaviors in rats after sciatic nerve injury. Cenicriviroc decreased the activation and/or infiltration of IBA-1-positive cells (microglia/macrophages) in the spinal cord and DRG, and satellite cells in the DRG, and likely as a consequence reduced the level of some important pronociceptive factors (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-18, and CCL3). Importantly, from a clinical perspective, cenicriviroc enhanced the analgesic potency of morphine and buprenorphine. These beneficial behavioral effects may result, among others, from the influence of cenicriviroc on the mRNA level of opioid receptors (MOR, DOR, KOR, and NOR) at the DRG level. Our results provide the first evidence that simultaneous targeting of CCR2 and CCR5 using cenicriviroc may have great potential for use in neuropathic pain therapies, especially since it is already under clinical trials, though in other health concerns[3].
References:
[1]. Lefebvre E, Moyle G, et al. Antifibrotic Effects of the Dual CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist Cenicriviroc in Animal Models of Liver and Kidney Fibrosis. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 27;11(6):e0158156.
[2].Okamoto M, Toyama M, et al. The chemokine receptor antagonist cenicriviroc inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral Res. 2020 Oct;182:104902.
[3].Kwiatkowski K, Pawlik K, et al. Bidirectional Action of Cenicriviroc, a CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist, Results in Alleviation of Pain-Related Behaviors and Potentiation of Opioid Analgesia in Rats With Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Immunol. 2020 Dec 21;11:615327.
Cas No. | 497223-25-3 | SDF | |
Synonyms | TAK-652 | ||
Canonical SMILES | O=C(/C1=C/C2=CC(C3=CC=C(OCCOCCCC)C=C3)=CC=C2N(CC(C)C)CCC1)NC4=CC=C([S@](CC5=CN=CN5CCC)=O)C=C4 | ||
Formula | C41H52N4O4S | M.Wt | 696.94 |
Solubility | DMSO : ≥ 107.5 mg/mL (135.55 mM) | Storage | Store at -20°C |
General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. |
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Current and future pharmacological therapies for NAFLD/NASH
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, and there is no approved pharmacotherapy. The efficacy of vitamin E and pioglitazone has been established in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive form of NAFLD. GLP-1RA and SGLT2 inhibitors, which are currently approved for use in diabetes, have shown early efficacy in NASH, and also have beneficial cardiovascular or renal effects. Innovative NASH therapies include four main pathways. The first approach is targeting hepatic fat accumulation. Medications in this approach include modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (e.g., pemafibrate, elafibranor), medications targeting farnesoid X receptor axis [obeticholic acid; OCA)], inhibitors of de novo lipogenesis (aramchol, ACC inhibitor), and fibroblast growth factor-21 analogues. A second target is oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This class of drug includes apoptosis signaling kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor and emricasan (an irreversible caspase inhibitor). A third target is intestinal microbiomes and metabolic endotoxemia. Several agents are in ongoing trials, including IMMe124, TLR4 antagonist, and solithromycin (macrolide antibiotics). The final target is hepatic fibrosis, which is strongly associated with all-cause or liver-related mortality in NASH. Antifibrotic agents are a cysteine-cysteine motif chemokine receptor-2/5 antagonist (cenicriviroc; CVC) and galectin 3 antagonist. Among a variety of medications in development, four agents such as OCA, elafibranor, ASK1 inhibitor, and CVC are currently being evaluated in an international phase 3 trial for the treatment of NASH. Within the next few years, the availability of therapeutic options for NASH will hopefully curb the rising trend of NASH-related diseases.
Cenicriviroc for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has an increasing prevalence worldwide. At present, no specific pharmacotherapy is approved for NAFLD. Simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to liver fibrosis that is associated with mortality in NAFLD. The recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages via chemokine receptor CCR2 as well as of lymphocytes and hepatic stellate cells via CCR5 promote the progression of NASH to fibrosis. Areas covered: I summarize preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy and safety of the dual CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor cenicriviroc (CVC, also TBR-652 or TAK-652) for the treatment of NASH and fibrosis. In animal models of liver diseases, CVC potently inhibits macrophage accumulation in the liver and ameliorates fibrosis. In a phase 2b clinical trial (CENTAUR) on 289 patients with NASH and fibrosis, CVC consistently demonstrated liver fibrosis improvement after 1 year of therapy and had an excellent safety profile, leading to the implementation of a phase 3 trial (AURORA). Expert opinion: Preclinical and clinical data support the development of CVC as a safe and potent antifibrotic agent. However, open questions around CVC are the durability of antifibrotic responses, divergent effects on NASH versus fibrosis, potential long-term concerns and the expected path to approval.
Cenicriviroc Treatment for Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis: Final Analysis of the Phase 2b CENTAUR Study
Background and aims: Cenicriviroc (CVC) is a C-C chemokine receptors type 2 and 5 dual antagonist under evaluation for treating liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Year 1 primary analysis of the 2-year CENTAUR study showed that CVC had an antifibrotic effect without impacting steatohepatitis. Herein, we report the final data from year 2 exploratory analyses.
Approach and results: This was a randomized, controlled study of adults with NASH, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ≥4, and NASH Clinical Research Network stage 1-3 fibrosis. Participants in arms A and C received CVC 150 mg or placebo, respectively, for 2 years; arm B received placebo in year 1 and switched to CVC in year 2. Liver biopsy was performed at baseline, year 1, and year 2. Of 289 randomized participants, 242 entered year 2. At year 2, 24% of patients who switched to CVC and 17% who remained on placebo achieved ≥1-stage fibrosis improvement and no worsening of NASH (P = 0.37). Twice the proportion on CVC who achieved fibrosis response at year 1 maintained benefit at year 2 (60% arm A versus 30% arm C), including 86% on CVC who had stage 3 fibrosis at baseline. Over 2 years, a similar proportion on CVC or placebo achieved ≥1-stage fibrosis improvement and no worsening of NASH (15% arm A versus 17% arm C). In patients with fibrosis responses, we observed consistent reductions in levels of N-terminal type 3 collagen propeptide and enhanced liver fibrosis scores, while increases in aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and Fibrosis-4 scores were consistently observed in nonresponders. Safety profile was comparable across groups.
Conclusions: CVC was well tolerated, and year 2 data corroborate antifibrotic findings from year 1. The majority on CVC who achieved fibrosis response at year 1 maintained it at year 2, with greater effect in advanced fibrosis. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02217475 (CENTAUR).
Rationale of using the dual chemokine receptor CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor cenicriviroc for the treatment of COVID-19
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created a global pandemic infecting over 230 million people and costing millions of lives. Therapies to attenuate severe disease are desperately needed. Cenicriviroc (CVC), a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonist, an agent previously studied in advanced clinical trials for patients with HIV or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may have the potential to reduce respiratory and cardiovascular organ failures related to COVID-19. Inhibiting the CCR2 and CCR5 pathways could attenuate or prevent inflammation or fibrosis in both early and late stages of the disease and improve outcomes of COVID-19. Clinical trials using CVC either in addition to standard of care (SoC; e.g., dexamethasone) or in combination with other investigational agents in patients with COVID-19 are currently ongoing. These trials intend to leverage the anti-inflammatory actions of CVC for ameliorating the clinical course of COVID-19 and prevent complications. This article reviews the literature surrounding the CCR2 and CCR5 pathways, their proposed role in COVID-19, and the potential role of CVC to improve outcomes.
Cenicriviroc inhibits trans-endothelial passage of monocytes and is associated with impaired E-selectin expression
Incidences of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are high among virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals. Monocyte activation and trafficking are key mechanisms in the evolution of CVD. We studied the ability of cenicriviroc (CVC), a dual C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and CCR5 antagonist, to influence the migration of monocytes from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monocytes were derived from 23 ART-suppressed HIV-infected and 16 HIV-uninfected donors. In a trans-endothelial migration model, monocytes, and human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were exposed to cenicriviroc and migrated monocytes, quantified. Expression of CCR2 and CCR5 on monocytes and adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, and CD99) on HAoECs were measured. The single antagonists, BMS-22 (CCR2), and maraviroc (CCR5), served as controls. When both HAoECs and monocytes together were exposed to the antagonists, cenicriviroc led to a greater decrease in monocyte migration compared to BMS-22 or vehicle in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups (P < 0.05), with maraviroc having no inhibitory effect. Cenicriviroc treatment of HAoECs alone decreased monocyte migration in the HIV-infected group when compared to vehicle (P < 0.01). Inhibition of migration was not evident when monocytes alone were exposed to cenicriviroc, BMS-22 or maraviroc. Incubation of HAoECs with cenicriviroc decreased E-selectin expression (P = 0.045) but had limited effects on the other adhesion molecules. Cenicriviroc inhibits monocyte trans-endothelial migration more effectively than single chemokine receptor blockade, which may be mediated via disruption of monocyte-endothelial tethering through reduced E-selectin expression. Cenicriviroc should be considered as a therapeutic intervention to reduce detrimental monocyte trafficking.
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