Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) (Synonyms: 9Z-Octadecenoic Acid, C18:1(9Z), cis-9-Octadecenoic acid)

Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is a monounsaturated Omega-9 fatty acid found in plants and animals^[1]. It is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator^[2].

Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) or EPA treatment alone inhibited cell viability, similar to PA treatment, but PA and OA (PA+OA) or combined PA and EPA (PA+EPA) treatment increased cell viability in HepG2 cells compared with PA treatment alone PA+OA.The growth and proliferation effects of the treatment are consistent with previous observations that Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) attenuates PA-induced apoptosis through OA-activated autophagy^[4]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) and palmitic acid can induce lipid deposition in HepG2 cells and increase expression of every component of mTOR/S6K1/SREBP-1c pathway^[3]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) caused a concentration- and time-dependent damage with typical apoptotic features in cortical and hippocampal cultures from embryonic and neonatal rats, respectively, as well as in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells^[7].

Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) in semisolids, especially Pemulen TR2-based ones, presented suitable characteristics for cutaneous administration and its anti-inflammatory activity seems to occur via glucocorticoid receptors. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) was also capable to reduce croton oil-induced skin inflammation. Besides, the ex vivo skin permeation study indicated that OA reaches the receptor medium, which correlates with a systemic absorption in vivo^[5].In mice,the reduction of dopamine and oxidant effect during cytarabine treatment could result in brain injury but could be prevented by Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid)supplementation^[6].

References:
[1]: Jack-Hays MG, Xie Z, et,al. Activation of Na+/K(+)-ATPase by fatty acids, acylglycerols, and related amphiphiles: structure-activity relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Feb 21;1279(1):43-8. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00245-6. PMID: 8624359.
[2]: Li S, Zhou T, et,al.High metastaticgastric and breast cancer cells consume oleic acid in an AMPK dependent manner. PLoS One. 2014 May 13;9(5):e97330. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097330. PMID: 24823908; PMCID: PMC4019637.
[3]: Zhou YP, Wu R, et,al. [Comparison of effects of oleic acid and palmitic acid on lipid deposition and mTOR / S6K1 / SREBP-1c pathway in HepG2 cells]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2018 Jun 20;26(6):451-456. Chinese. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2018.06.012. PMID: 30317760.
[4]: Sun Y, Wang J, et,al.Oleic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reverse Palmitic Acid-induced Insulin Resistance in Human HepG2 Cells via the Reactive Oxygen Species/JUN Pathway. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2021 Oct;19(5):754-771. doi: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.06.005. Epub 2021 Feb 23. PMID: 33631425; PMCID: PMC9170756.
[5]: Pegoraro NS, Camponogara C, et,al.Oleic acid-containing semisolid dosage forms exhibit in vivo anti-inflammatory effect via glucocorticoid receptor in a UVB radiation-induced skin inflammation model. Inflammopharmacology. 2020 Jun;28(3):773-786. doi: 10.1007/s10787-019-00675-5. Epub 2019 Dec 4. PMID: 31802387.
[6]: GuzmÁn DC, Brizuela NO, et,al. Oleic Acid Protects Against Oxidative Stress Exacerbated by Cytarabine and Doxorubicin in Rat Brain. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2016;16(11):1491-1495. doi: 10.2174/1871520615666160504093652. PMID: 27141883.
[7]: Zhu Y, Schwarz S, et,al.Oleic acid causes apoptosis and dephosphorylates Bad. Neurochem Int. 2005 Jan;46(2):127-35. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2004.08.003. PMID: 15627513.