TGF-β / Smad Signaling
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of many different cell types. Deletion or mutation of different members of the TGF-β family have been shown to cause vascular remodeling defect and absence of mural cell formation, leading to embryonic lethality or severe vascular disorders. TGF-β induces smooth muscle differentiation via Notch or SMAD2 and SMAD3 signaling in ES cells or in a neural crest stem cell line. TGF-β binds to TGF-βRI and to induce phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, thereby inhibiting proliferation, tube formation, and migration of endothelial cells (ECs).
TGF-β is a pluripotent cytokine with dual tumour-suppressive and tumour-promoting effects. TGF-β induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to increased cell plasticity at the onset of cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Products for TGF-β / Smad Signaling
- Cat.No. Product Name Information
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GC13890
(±)-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride
intermediate in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
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GC16081
(-)-epicatechin
inducer of pancreatic β-cell regeneration
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GC10603
(-)-epicatechin gallate
major catechin in green tea
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GC17242
(-)-epigallocatechin
green tea epicatechin
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GC14049
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antitumor agent
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GC14012
(-)-Indolactam V
protein kinase C activator
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GC18062
1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycerol
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GC14134
1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol
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GC13877
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
weak activator of PKC
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GC12662
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol
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GC12172
1-Naphthyl PP1
Src family kinases inhibitor
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GC41863
10,11-dehydro Curvularin
10,11-dehydro Curvularin is a natural mycotoxin that has cytotoxic activity against select cancer cell lines.
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GN10444
12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate
ERK activator, potent
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GC13927
A 77-01
Potent ALK5 inhibitor
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GC10166
A 83-01
ALK-5 inhibitor
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GC35210
A 83-01 sodium salt
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GC15579
Adaphostin
P210bcr/abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
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GC16475
Afuresertib
pan-AKT inhibitor
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GC42747
Afuresertib (hydrochloride)
Afuresertib is a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of Akt1, 2, and 3 with Ki values of 0.08, 2, and 2.6 nM, respectively.
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GC11050
ALK5 Inhibitor II (hydrochloride)
ALK5 inhibitor