Adenosine (Synonyms: NSC 7652) |
| رقم الكتالوجGC14106 |
نوكليوزيد
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 58-61-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Adenosine is an endogenous neuroregulatory substance, containing adenine, which is linked to the ribose molecule (furanose) through a β-N9-glycosidic bond [1]. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and hematopoietic regulation. Adenosine can be used to treat supraventricular tachycardia [2].
In vitro, different concentrations of Adenosine (1.0-4.0mM; 12, 24 and 48 hours) inhibited the survival rate of HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, caspase-3, and cytochrome c, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and activated endoplasmic reticulum stress [3]. Adenosine (0.5-4.0mM; 36 hours) significantly increased the expression of caspase-3 in EC109 cells in a dose-dependent manner, induce cell apoptosis and NF-κB activation [4].
In vivo, Adenosine (1-10mg/kg/day; i.p.) was administered as a single dose to mice in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), significantly shortening the immobility time in FST and producing a similar antidepressant-like effect in TST [5]. Adenosine (5mg/kg/day; i.p.; six times, at one-hour intervals) treatment in mice increased the expression level of the inflammatory reactive astrocyte marker (Lcn 2), and simultaneously enhanced the expression of several other pro-inflammatory cytokine/cytokine chemotactic factor genes, such as Ccl 2, Cxcl 1, Ilia and Tnf [6].
References:
[1] Fredholm B B, Chen J F, Cunha R A, et al. Adenosine and brain function[J]. Int Rev Neurobiol, 2005, 63(1): 191-270.
[2] Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, et al. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev. 2018 Jul 1;98(3):1591-1625.
[3] Zhou XT, Pu ZJ, Liu LX,,et al.. Inhibition of autophagy enhances adenosine‑induced apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Rep. 2019 Feb;41(2):829-838.
[4] Wu L F, Wei B L, Guo Y T, et al. Apoptosis induced by adenosine involves endoplasmic reticulum stress in EC109 cells[J]. International journal of molecular medicine, 2012, 30(4): 797-804.
[5] Kaster MP, Rosa AO, Rosso MM, et al. Adenosine administration produces an antidepressant-like effect in mice: evidence for the involvement of A1 and A2A receptors. Neurosci Lett. 2004;355(1-2):21-24.
[6] Guo Q, Gobbo D, Zhao N, et al. Adenosine triggers early astrocyte reactivity that provokes microglial activation and drives the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy[J]. bioRxiv, 2023: 2023.10. 30.563169.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line |
Preparation Method | HepG2 cells were seeded in a 96-well plate (5×103 cells/well) in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 at 37°C and treated with Adenosine alone (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0mM) for 12, 24 and 48 h; or 10µM LY 294002 alone or 2.0mM Adenosine in combination with 10µM LY 294002 for 12, 24, 36 and 48h. Subsequently, 10µl MTT (5mg/ml) was added to each well and cells were incubated for an additional 4h. Following removal of the supernatant, DMSO (100µl/well) was added to dissolve the blue formazan crystals converted from MTT by HepG2 cells. Cell viability was assessed using a microplate reader at an optical density of 560nm (Wellscan K3; KHB Labsystems, Helsinki, Finland). The experiment was repeated three times. |
Reaction Conditions | 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4mM; 12, 24 and 48h |
Applications | Adenosine inhibited cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Swiss mice |
Preparation Method | Swiss mice of either sex, weighing 30–40g were maintained at constant room temperature (22–27°C) with free access to water and food, under a 12:12h light:dark cycle (lights on at 07:00h). All manipulations were carried out between 09:00 and 17:00h, with each animal used only once. Adenosine and caffeine were dissolved in saline. The drugs were administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route in a volume of 10mg/kg body weight. Adenosine or vehicle was administered i.p. 30min before the FST, TST or open-field test. Alternatively, in order to assess its central effect, Adenosine was administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route 15min before the FST or open-field test. I.c.v. injections were given under light ether anesthesia. Saline or Adenosine was injected in a volume of 5μl, given over 30s, and the cannula remained in place for a further 30s. |
Dosage form | 1-10mg/kg; i.p. |
Applications | Adenosine administered both by i.p. and i.c.v. route significantly decreased the duration of immobility in the FST. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 58-61-7 | SDF | |
| المرادفات | NSC 7652 | ||
| Chemical Name | (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C1=NC2=C(C(=N1)N)N=CN2C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O | ||
| Formula | C10H13N5O4 | M.Wt | 267.24 |
| الذوبان | ≥ 12.75mg/mL in DMSO with gentle warming | Storage | Store at 2-8°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
||
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
|
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.742 mL | 18.7098 mL | 37.4195 mL |
| 5 mM | 748.4 μL | 3.742 mL | 7.4839 mL |
| 10 mM | 374.2 μL | 1.871 mL | 3.742 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
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Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 32 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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