Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) (Synonyms: Single-Use AA (peroxide free))

Arachidonic acid is an essential unsaturated fatty acid, found in animal and human fats, as well as in liver, brain and glandular organs. It is one of the phospholipids in animals. It is a precursor to the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Arachidonic acid is an important factor in cell signaling and the occurrence of inflammation[1-3].

Arachidonic acid(0-40 µM; 3min) stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation in vascular cells[4]. Arachidonic acid (3.3µM;24h) supports EB formation and protects EBs from Valproic acid (VA)-induced embryotoxicity[5].

Arachidonic acid (1-4mg/kg; i.g.; once daily for 3weeks) treatment has resulted in a significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers as well as the COX pathway and up-regulation of 12/15-LOX has been observed in obesity mice[6].Arachidonic acid+ diet could prevent amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition through the alteration of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in Tg2576 mice[7].

References:
[1]. Tallima H, El Ridi R. Arachidonic acid: Physiological roles and potential health benefits - A review. J Adv Res. 2017 Nov 24;11:33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.11.004. PMID: 30034874; PMCID: PMC6052655.
[2]. Wang B, Wu L,et,al. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Feb 26;6(1):94. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w. PMID: 33637672; PMCID: PMC7910446.
[3]. Turolo S, Edefonti A, et,al. Role of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in the Biological and Clinical Manifestations of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 21;22(11):5452. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115452. PMID: 34064238; PMCID: PMC8196840.
[4]. Buckley BJ, Whorton AR. Arachidonic acid stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation in vascular cells. Am J Physiol. 1995 Dec;269(6 Pt 1):C1489-95. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.6.C1489. PMID: 8572178.
[5]. Nihad M, Sen U, et,al. Arachidonic acid modulates the cellular energetics of human pluripotent stem cells and protects the embryoid bodies from embryotoxicity effects in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2023 Sep;120:108438. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108438. Epub 2023 Jul 16. PMID: 37454977.
[6]. Roy S, Ripon MAR, et,al. Arachidonic acid supplementation attenuates adipocyte inflammation but not adiposity in high fat diet induced obese mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022 Jun 11;608:90-95. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.089. Epub 2022 Mar 29. PMID: 35397428.
[7]. Hosono T, Nishitsuji K, et,al. Arachidonic acid diet attenuates brain Aβ deposition in Tg2576 mice. Brain Res. 2015 Jul 10;1613:92-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 13. PMID: 25881896.