Kainic acid |
| رقم الكتالوجGC16667 |
محفز مستقل لمستقبلات الكاينات، انتقائي.
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Cas No.: 487-79-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Kainic acid (KA), is an analog of the excitotoxic neurotransmitter glutamate. Kainic acid induces seizures[1-3].
Kainic acid(200 µM; 45 min) exposure induced caspase and calpain activation in neuronal cultures[4]. Kainic acid(5 µM) induces seizure-like activity in cortical human neurons[5]. Treatments with KA(1-100 µM) resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons [6].
KA-induced(10 mg/kg;i.p) excitotoxicity led to sustained hyperphosphorylation of tau in MAPT transgenic (Tg) mice. This can lead to memory deficits[7]. After 1.0 µg of Kainic acid was injected into the hippocampus of young mice at 6, 7 and 9 days of age, pyramidal cells died significantly [8]. Injection of Kainic acid(70 µl/min; 16 mg/kg;i.v) through the tail vein of a mouse reliably and rapidly induces status epilepticus (SE) which remits spontaneously and leads to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in a subset of mice[9].
References:
[1]. LÉvesque M, Avoli M. The kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2887-99. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.011. Epub 2013 Oct 30. PMID: 24184743; PMCID: PMC4878897.
[2]. Ben-Ari Y, Cossart R. Kainate, a double agent that generates seizures: two decades of progress. Trends Neurosci. 2000 Nov;23(11):580-7. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01659-3. PMID: 11074268.
[3]. Barker-Haliski M, White HS. Glutamatergic Mechanisms Associated with Seizures and Epilepsy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015 Jun 22;5(8):a022863. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022863. PMID: 26101204; PMCID: PMC4526718.
[4]. Meade AJ, Meloni BP, et,al. AP-1 inhibitory peptides attenuate in vitro cortical neuronal cell death induced by kainic acid. Brain Res. 2010 Nov 11;1360:8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.007. Epub 2010 Sep 15. PMID: 20833150.
[5]. Mzezewa R, Lotila J, et,al. A kainic acid-induced seizure model in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons for studying the role of IL-6 in the functional activity. Stem Cell Res. 2022 Apr;60:102665. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102665. Epub 2022 Jan 17. PMID: 35091307.
[6]. RodrÍguez-ChÁvez V, Flores-Soto E, et,al. Prolactin reduces the kainic acid-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, leading to neuroprotection of hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett. 2023 Jul 27;810:137344. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137344. Epub 2023 Jun 13. PMID: 37315731.
[7]. Zheng XY, Lv YD, et,al. Kainic acid hyperphosphorylates tau via inflammasome activation in MAPT transgenic mice. Aging (Albany NY). 2019 Dec 2;11(23):10923-10938. doi: 10.18632/aging.102495. Epub 2019 Dec 2. PMID: 31789603; PMCID: PMC6932880.
[8]. Cook TM, Crutcher KA. Intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid produces significant pyramidal cell loss in neonatal rats. Neuroscience. 1986 May;18(1):79-92. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90180-6. PMID: 3736859.
[9]. Drysdale ND, Matthews E, et,al. Intravenous kainic acid induces status epilepticus and late onset seizures in mice. Epilepsy Res. 2021 Dec;178:106816. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106816. Epub 2021 Nov 14. PMID: 34808484; PMCID: PMC8657370.
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