Pexidartinib (PLX3397) (Synonyms: PLX3397) |
| رقم الكتالوجGC12222 |
البيكسيدارتينيب (PLX3397) هو مثبط فموي ذو فعالية محددة قوية ضد مستقبل CSF1 (IC50 = 20 نانومول) و KIT (IC50 = 10 نانومول) و FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3.
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Cas No.: 1029044-16-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Pexidartinib(PLX3397) is an orally administered small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent selective activity against the colony-stimulating factor 1(CSF1) receptor(IC50=20nM), KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase(KIT)(IC50 =10nM) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3[1,2]
Pexidartinib was a stronger KIT inhibitor than imatinib in vitro. Compared pexidartinib and imatinib in vitro against 2 human GIST cell lines that harbor an imatinib-sensitive, activating KIT exon 11 mutation. Indeed, pexidartinib decreased viability in both cell lines with two-fold greater potency than imatinib, with an IC50 of 8-18 nM versus 42 nM(p<0.05). At concentrations similar to the IC50 of each drug, i.e., 10 and 40 nM, PLX3397 also decreased phospho-KIT relative to total KIT more effectively than imatinib in vitro[3]
Pexidartinib is effective in reducing adipose tissue macrophage levels of chow and high fat diet mice without affecting total myeloid cell levels[4]. A research found pexidartinib was well-tolerated in non-human primates(NHPs), with no Grade 3 or Grade 4 toxicities. Pexidartinib has limited CSF penetrance in NHPs following oral administration of a single dose[5]
Pexidartinib received its first approval on 2 August 2019 in the USA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic TGCT associated with severe morbidity or functional limitations and not amenable to improvement with surgery[2]
References:
[1].Fujiwara T, Yakoub MA, Chandler A, et al. CSF1/CSF1R Signaling Inhibitor Pexidartinib (PLX3397) Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Stimulates T-cell Infiltration in the Sarcoma Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther. 2021;20(8):1388-1399.
[2].Lamb YN. Pexidartinib: First Approval [published correction appears in Drugs. 2020 Mar;80(4):447]. Drugs. 2019;79(16):1805-1812.
[3].Liu Y, Given KS, Dickson EL, et al. Concentration-dependent effects of CSF1R inhibitors on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells ex vivo and in vivo. Exp Neurol. 2019;318:32-41.
[4].Merry TL, Brooks AES, Masson SW, et al. The CSF1 receptor inhibitor pexidartinib (PLX3397) reduces tissue macrophage levels without affecting glucose homeostasis in mice. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020;44(1):245-253.
[5].Shankarappa PS, Peer CJ, Odabas A, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor, pexidartinib. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2020;85(5):1003-1007.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
|
Cell lines |
LM8(RCB1450)、NFSa(RCB0282)、KUM5(RCB2322)、LAG(RCB2758) |
|
Reaction Conditions |
a 10mmol/L stock of pexidartinib was formulated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) |
|
Applications |
In vitro administration of pexidartinib suppressed pERK1/2 stimulation by CSF1 or TCM. CSF1R blockade in the in vitro TAM model resulted in reduced viability and chemotaxis of macrophages and polarization from M2-like to a more M1-like phenotype |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
|
Animal models |
Two-month-old 5XFAD mice |
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Preparation Method |
Treated two-month-old 5XFAD mice with pexidartinib, for a period of 3 months, resulting in a significant ablation of microglia. Directly after this treatment, analyse the amount of intraneuronal amyloid and neuritic plaques and performed behavioral studies including Y-maze, fear conditioning and elevated plus maze |
|
Dosage form |
290mg/kg formulated in standard chow，3 month |
|
Applications |
Early long-term treatment with the CSF1R inhibitor, pexidartinib significantly reduced intraneuronal amyloid, neuritic plaque formation, a reduced amount of toxic prefibrillar oligomers and improved cognitive function in particular associative learning in the contextual fear conditioning of 5XFAD mice. |
| Clinical trial [3]: | |
|
human subjects |
Eligible patients were 18 years old or older and have a histologically confirmed TGCT that was both unresectable and symptomatic |
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Preparation Method |
The pooled analysis encompassed 3 groups of pexidartinib-treated patients with TGCT: 1) patients from a phase 1 extension study, 2) patients from ENLIVEN who were randomized to pexidartinib at 1000mg/d for 2 weeks and then 800mg/d, and 3) crossover patients from ENLIVEN receiving pexidartinib at 800mg/d. |
|
Applications |
One hundred thirty patients with TGCT received pexidartinib (median treatment duration, 19 months; range, 1 to 76+ months); 54 (42%) remained on treatment at the end of the analysis (26 months after initial data cut of March 2017). The RECIST overall response rate (ORR) was 60%; the TVS ORR was 65%. The median times to response were 3.4 (RECIST) and 2.8 months (TVS), with 48 of the responding patients (62%) achieving a RECIST partial response by 6 months and with 72 (92%) doing so by 18 months. The median DOR was reached for TVS (46.8 months). Reported TEAEs were mostly low-grade, with hair color changes being most frequent (75%). Most liver abnormalities (92%) were aminotransferase elevations; 4 patients (3%) experienced mixed/cholestatic hepatotoxicity (all within the first 2 months of treatment), which was reversible in all cases (recovery spanned 1-7 months). |
|
References: [1].Fujiwara T, Yakoub MA, Chandler A, et al. CSF1/CSF1R Signaling Inhibitor Pexidartinib (PLX3397) Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Stimulates T-cell Infiltration in the Sarcoma Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther. 2021;20(8):1388-1399. [2].Sosna J, Philipp S, Albay R 3rd, et al. Early long-term administration of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 ablates microglia and reduces accumulation of intraneuronal amyloid, neuritic plaque deposition and pre-fibrillar oligomers in 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2018;13(1):11. Published 2018 Mar 1. [3].Gelderblom H, Wagner AJ, Tap WD, et al. Long-term outcomes of pexidartinib in tenosynovial giant cell tumors. Cancer. 2021;127(6):884-893. |
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| Cas No. | 1029044-16-3 | SDF | |
| المرادفات | PLX3397 | ||
| Chemical Name | 5-((5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-N-((6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)pyridin-2-amine | ||
| Canonical SMILES | ClC(C=N1)=CC2=C1NC=C2CC3=CN=C(NCC4=CN=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C4)C=C3 | ||
| Formula | C20H15ClF3N5 | M.Wt | 417.81 |
| الذوبان | ≥ 20.9mg/mL in DMSO | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.3934 mL | 11.9672 mL | 23.9343 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4787 mL | 2.3934 mL | 4.7869 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2393 mL | 1.1967 mL | 2.3934 mL |
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