This study shows that TMEM175 is a genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), and proves that TMEM175 is a hydrogen ion channel on the lysosomal membrane and plays an important role in regulating lysosomal acid-base balance. Enzyme hyperacidification, impaired proteolytic activity, and promotion of α-synuclein aggregation in vivo are closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

In the previous issues, we introduced various formulations and strategies for drug dissolution. Among them, DMSO, which is not recommended, also has a place as a co-solvent, but it is quite controversial. The use of this solvent, which is restricted by the FDA, is widely spread and is highly toxic. How toxic is it, and how do we use it in our experiments? Today we will reveal to you the correct use of "universal solvent" DMSO in cell and animal experiments.

There are various modes of administration in animal experimental studies, such as oral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intracerebral injection, etc. However, we often choose a certain drug delivery method commonly used in the laboratory without knowing the reason. For example, our laboratory often chooses intraperitoneal injection, but do not know why. In fact, there is a lot of knowledge included! In this case, from the perspective of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, we will popularize the principles of choosing the mode of administration.