Solutions of High-performance Molecular Probes-2
6. Molecular probes for ROS
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Cat. No. |
Product |
Introduction |
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ADHP(Amplex Red) |
Commonly used hydrogen peroxide probes for cells |
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H2DCFDA (DCFH-DA) |
Used for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. |
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Dihydroethidium (Hydroethidine) |
It is usually used as a method for monitoring the production of "reactive oxygen species (ROS)" by cells. |
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Dihydrorhodamine 123 |
Dihydrorhodamine 123 is oxidized into the fluorescent reagent Rhodamine 123 when there are reactive oxygen species present within the cells. |
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Lucigenin |
It can be used to detect the endogenous superoxide anion free radicals (O2-). |
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Resorufin (NSC 12097) |
It is a highly fluorescent pink dye used for detecting ROS/RNS. |
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HKSOX-1r (5/6-mixture) |
Used for imaging and detecting living cells as well as endogenous superoxide anion free radicals in the body. |
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2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate |
Permeable cell fluorescent probes for quantitative determination of ROS and NO |
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Dihydrofluorescein diacetate |
Fluorescent probes for measuring oxidative stress in cell-free systems and cell models. |
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9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis (methylene) dimalonic acid |
Biological dyes and indicators used for detecting singlet oxygen generation (SOG). |
Application Cases
Figure 8. Quantitative results of DCFH-DA probe for measuring total ROS levels in 4T1 cells before and after laser irradiation under different treatments.
Small. Volume 19, Issue 23 2300594
Figure 9. Confocal microscopy images of ROS production in DCs. DCFH-DA stains ROS.
Adv Sci. (2023) 2301107
7. Molecular probes for RNS
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Cat. No. |
Product |
Introduction |
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DAF-FM DA |
A fluorescent probe for detecting NO. |
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DAF 2DA (DAF-2DA) |
One of the most widely used fluorescent probes for measuring NO. |
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DAF-2 |
Fluorescent probe for detecting NO. |
Application Cases
Figure 10. The average fluorescence intensity measured by DAF 2DA was used to determine the intracellular NO level.
Chemico-Biological Interactions, Volume 379, 1 July 2023, 110514
8. Molecular probes for CO
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Cat. No. |
Product |
Introduction |
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CAY10732 |
Extensively used as a fluorescent probe for carbon monoxide within cells. |
Application Cases
Figure 11. Representative fluorescence images showing the generation of ROS in dox-induced cells triggering CO release, and quantitative analysis of CO fluorescence intensity using the CAY10732 fluorescent probe.
9. Molecular probes for metal ion
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Cat. No. |
Product |
Introduction |
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Ca2+ |
Fluo-4 AM |
Common probes used for detecting the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ . |
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Fluo-3AM |
The fluorescent chelating agent for Ca2+. |
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Rhod-2 AM |
Mitochondrial Ca2+ fluorescent probe with visible light excitation wavelength |
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Fura-2 AM |
Ultraviolet light excitation and UV ratio fluorescence Ca2+ indicator. |
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Indo-1 AM |
Ultraviolet light excitation and UV ratio fluorescence Ca2+ indicator. |
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Quin-2AM |
The fluorescent chelating agent for Ca2+. |
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Fluo-8 AM |
Fluo-8 AM is a calcium fluorescence probe. |
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Fe2+ |
FeRhoNox-1 (Fe2+ indicaton ) |
Suitable for the detection of Fe2+ within living cells, with a tendency to localize in the Golgi apparatus. |
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FerroOrange |
Fluorescent probe for detecting ferrous ions (Fe2+) in living cells. |
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Cu2+ |
Rhodamine B hydrazide |
Copper ion and mercury ion fluorescent probes. |
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Other |
Phen Green SK diacetate |
Heavy metal fluorescent indicators can react with various metal ions. |
Application Cases
Figure 12. Rhod-2 AM was used as a calcium indicator. Flow cytometry was employed to measure [Ca2+] and the relative fluorescence intensity of Rhod-2 AM.
Toxicology , Volume 486, 1 March 2023, 153448
Figure 13. Detection of free iron levels in peritoneal macrophages using the Phen Green SK probe.
Redox Biol. 2022 Apr; 50: 102257.
10. Molecular probes for tracer
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Cat. No. |
Product |
Introduction |
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2-NBDG |
Fluorescent glucose analogues, used as tracers for evaluating cellular glucose metabolism. |
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CFDA-SE |
Fluorescent dyes widely used for live cell tracking or cell proliferation detection. |
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Cell-Tracker Orange CMTMR |
Living cell tracer probe (orange) |
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6-NBDG |
Fluorescent glucose analogues, used for fluorescence imaging and for monitoring glucose transport and uptake. |
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FM1-43 |
FM1-43 is widely used for marking of endocytic and exocytic membrane structures. |
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SynaptoRedTM C2 |
FM4-64 is widely used for marking endocytic and exocytic membrane structures as well as for tracing exosomes. |
Application Cases
Figure 14. Quantitative glucose uptake detection using 2-NBDG staining.
Nano Today, Volume 43, April 2022, 101416
11. Bioluminescent imaging
D-fluorescein is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc), which catalyzes the generation of the typical yellow-green light from fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction reaches its peak within a few seconds. When there is an excess of the substrate luciferin, the light output is proportional to the concentration of luciferase.
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Cat. No. |
Product |
Introduction |
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D-Luciferin (sodium salt) |
D-fluorescein is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase(Luc), which catalyzes the generation of the typical yellow-green light emitted by fireflies. |
Application Cases
Figure 15. 4T1-luc 2 cell lung metastasis D-fluorescein bioluminescence imaging.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Volume 623, 25 July 2022, 121953
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