Apelin-13 |
| Katalog-Nr.GC10284 |
Apelin-13 ist ein Peptid, das als Ligand des G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptors APJ bekannt ist.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 217082-58-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Apelin-13 is a peptide known as the ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. [1]. Apelin-13 activated this G protein-coupled receptor with an EC50 value of 0.37 nM [2]. Apelin has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis, food intake, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis [1].
Apelin-13 was shown to inhibit insulin secretion stimulated by high glucose concentrations (10 mM) or potentiated by GLP-1 in INS-1 cells [3]. Apelin-13 at 200 nM can enhance H9c2 cell proliferation, which is mediated by the ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathway [4].
Apelin-13 treatment significantly lowers blood glucose and protects HFD mice from hyperinsulinemia [5]. There are some contradictory reports about the effects of apelin-13/APJ on hypertension. Intraperitoneally administered Apelin-13 reduces blood pressure in hypertensive rats by inhibiting renin-angiotensin system [6]. Chronic infusion of apelin-13 into the paraventricular nucleus induces hypertension through increasing the levels of plasma norepinephrine and arginine vasopressin in normotensive rats [7].
References:
[1]. Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, AttanÉ C, et al. Apelin, diabetes, and obesity[J]. Endocrine, 2011, 40(1): 1-9.
[2]. Tatemoto K, Hosoya M, Habata Y, et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor[J]. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1998, 251(2): 471-476.
[3]. Guo L, Li Q, Wang W, et al. Apelin inhibits insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells by activation of PI3-kinase-phosphodiesterase 3B[J]. Endocrine research, 2009, 34(4): 142-154.
[4]. Yin L, Zhang P, Li C, et al. Apelin?13 promotes cell proliferation in the H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell line by triggering extracellular signal?regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B phosphorylation[J]. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2018, 17(1): 447-451.
[5]. AttanÉ C, Foussal C, Le Gonidec S, et al. Apelin treatment increases complete Fatty Acid oxidation, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and biogenesis in muscle of insulin-resistant mice[J]. Diabetes, 2012, 61(2): 310-320.
[6]. Akc?lar R, Turgut S, Caner V, et al. Apelin effects on blood pressure and RAS in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats[J]. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2013, 35(7): 550-557.
[7]. Zhang F, Sun H J, Xiong X Q, et al. Apelin©\13 and APJ in paraventricular nucleus contribute to hypertension via sympathetic activation and vasopressin release in spontaneously hypertensive rats[J]. Acta physiologica, 2014, 212(1): 17-27.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
H9c2 cells |
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Preparation Method |
Cells were allowed to reach 80% confluence in complete DMEM and were incubated for an additional 24 h in serum-free medium prior to experimental treatments. Following this, H9c2 cells were treated with 0, 5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 or 1,000 nM Apelin-13 for 24 h |
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Reaction Conditions |
0, 5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 or 1,000 nM for 24 hours |
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Applications |
Apelin-13 treatment increased the percentage cell viability compared with the baseline constitutive release over a range of physiological extracellular concentrations from 50 to 600 nM, with a maximal effect at 200 nM. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
male Sprague-Dawley rats |
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Preparation Method |
Rats were injected with a 0.9% equivolume saline control before peptide injection. Apelin-13 was dissolved as a stock solution of 40 µg/ml in 0.9% saline and administered intravenously at ∼3-6 µg/kg B.W., i.e., 1-2 µg per 300-g rat. |
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Dosage form |
Intravenous injection, 1-2 µg per 300-g |
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Applications |
An apelin-13 dose of 1 µg/300 g B.W. elicited an immediate change in blood pressure of -10.0 ± 1.9 mm Hg systolic and -13.0 ± 2.8 mm Hg diastolic. A 2 µg/300 g B.W. dose elicited immediate blood pressure changes of -9.8 ± 1.2 systolic and -13.2 ± 1.7 mm Hg diastolic. |
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References: [1]: Yin L, Zhang P, Li C, et al. Apelin?13 promotes cell proliferation in the H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell line by triggering extracellular signal?regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B phosphorylation[J]. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2018, 17(1): 447-451. |
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| Cas No. | 217082-58-1 | SDF | |
| Chemical Name | L-glutaminyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-methionyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C([C@H](CCSC)NC(C1N(C(CNC([C@H](CCCCN)NC([C@@H](NC([C@H](CO)NC([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC([C@H]2N(C([C@@H](NC([C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O)=O)CCCNC(N)=N)=O)CCC2)=O)=O)=O)=O)CC3=CN=CN3)=O)=O)=O)CCC1)=O)N4[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC5=CC=CC=C5)=O)CCC4 | ||
| Formula | C69H111N23O16S | M.Wt | 1550.8 |
| Löslichkeit | ≥ 155.1mg/mL in DMSO; 100mg/mL in Water | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 0.6448 mL | 3.2241 mL | 6.4483 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.129 mL | 0.6448 mL | 1.2897 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.0645 mL | 0.3224 mL | 0.6448 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
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Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
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3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 32 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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