Metformin (Metformin) has the effect of lowering blood sugar by inhibiting the production of glucose in the liver. It is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world. Hundreds of millions of people around the world are taking metformin.

RSL3 is also called RAS-selective lethal 3. It is a small molecule that can inhibit the action of GPX4, which leads to the ferroptosis of the cells. Ferroptosis is defined as the non-apoptotic type of cell death which is iron-dependent. In the presence of iron, or due to the accumulation of iron within the cells, various kinds of enzymes are active, which leads to ferroptosis. This increase in the accumulation of iron results in an increase in the level of lipid peroxidase enzymes within the cells.

It is the first novel synthetic compound that is used to inhibit the actions of PIK3. It is exclusively considered that LY294002 has a selective inhibitory role for PIK3, but the latest research indicated that it not only inhibits the PIK3 but also inhibits the other lipid kinases as well along with the inhibition of some unrelated proteins. This PI3K, which is an abbreviation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, is an enzyme that belongs to the kinase family and has important functions related to some cellular signals for growth, survivability, proliferation, and for specified functions of particular cells.

It is defined as a novel synthetic compound that can block transcription activity by inhibiting the action of Nrf2. Nrf2 is also called nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. The nrf2 signaling pathway gives the therapeutic approach to the researchers to treat the various kinds of inflammatory, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuro-inflammatory disorders. It is because it initiates the homeostatic response against the changes in the metabolism and inflammatory responses.

SU5416 is a small, protein bounded, lipophilic in nature molecule, that has the potential to act as an inhibitor for the receptor tyrosine kinase of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and 2. With relation to the kinase domain, it can also inhibit the adenosine triphosphate as a competitive inhibitor.