Palmitic acid (Synonyms: C16:0, Cetylic Acid) |
| Katalog-Nr.GN10676 |
Eine langkettige gesättigte Fettsäure.
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Cas No.: 57-10-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Palmitic acid (PA) is the most common saturated fatty acid found in the human body and can be provided in the diet or synthesized endogenously from other fatty acids, carbohydrates and amino acids[9].
Palmitic acid treatment decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and the minimum effective dose was 100 μM Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid treatment increased the percentage of apoptotic Saos-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, IC50 value is about 200 μM[3]. Obesity-related neurodegenerative diseases are associated with elevated saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the brain. Palmitic acid induces significant neuron cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in SH-SY5Y cells[2]. Palmitic acid was able to cause an increase in autophagic flux. PA-induced autophagy was found to be independent of mTOR regulation. Inhibition of autophagy sensitized the cells to Palmitic acid-induced apoptosis, suggesting the pro-survival function of autophagy induced by Palmitic acid [4]. Treatment of SMMC-7721 cells with Palmitic acid increased LC3-II expression in time- and dose-dependent manners, whereas the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid had no effect[5]. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1].
Transient higher levels of Palmitic acid exposure in pregnant mice activates NLRP3 inflammasome and induces placental inflammation, resulting in the incidence of absorption[6]. In a dose-dependent fashion, palmitic acid rapidly reduced mouse locomotor activity by a mechanism that did not rely on TLR4, MyD88, IL-1, IL-6 or TNFα but was dependent on fatty acid chain length. Twenty-four hours after palmitic acid administration mice exhibited anxiety-like behavior without impairment in locomotion, food intake, depressive-like behavior or spatial memory. Additionally, the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA was increased by 33% in the amygdala 24h after palmitic acid treatment[7]. Palmitic acid treatment in mice enhances resistance to Brucella infection and is accompanied by attenuated IL-10 induction during Brucella infection[8].
References:
[1]. Harada H, Yamashita U, et,al. Antitumor activity of palmitic acid found as a selective cytotoxic substance in a marine red alga. Anticancer Res. 2002 Sep-Oct;22(5):2587-90. PMID: 12529968.
[2]. Hsiao YH, Lin CI, et,al.Palmitic acid-induced neuron cell cycle G2/M arrest and endoplasmic reticular stress through protein palmitoylation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Nov 13;15(11):20876-99. doi: 10.3390/ijms151120876. PMID: 25402647; PMCID: PMC4264201.
[3]. Yang L, Guan G, et,al.Palmitic acid induces human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2018 Nov;23(6):1283-1294. doi: 10.1007/s12192-018-0936-8. Epub 2018 Sep 7. PMID: 30194633; PMCID: PMC6237680.
[4]. Tan SH, Shui G, et,al. Induction of autophagy by palmitic acid via protein kinase C-mediated signaling pathway independent of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). J Biol Chem. 2012 Apr 27;287(18):14364-76. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.294157. Epub 2012 Mar 9. Erratum in: J Biol Chem. 2014 Apr 4;289(14):9501. PMID: 22408252; PMCID: PMC3340233.
[5]. Tu QQ, Zheng RY, et,al.Palmitic acid induces autophagy in hepatocytes via JNK2 activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2014 Apr;35(4):504-12. doi: 10.1038/aps.2013.170. Epub 2014 Mar 10. PMID: 24608675; PMCID: PMC4813717.
[6]. Sano M, Shimazaki S, et,al. Palmitic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome and induces placental inflammation during pregnancy in mice. J Reprod Dev. 2020 Jun 12;66(3):241-248. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2020-007. Epub 2020 Feb 27. PMID: 32101829; PMCID: PMC7297640.
[7]. Moon ML, Joesting JJ, et,al.The saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, induces anxiety-like behavior in mice. Metabolism. 2014 Sep;63(9):1131-40. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.002. Epub 2014 Jun 9. PMID: 25016520; PMCID: PMC4151238.
[8]. Reyes AWB, Huy TXN,et,al. Protection of palmitic acid treatment in RAW264.7 cells and BALB/c mice during Brucella abortus 544 infection. J Vet Sci. 2021 Mar;22(2):e18. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e18. PMID: 33774934; PMCID: PMC8007444.
[9].Carta G, Murru E, Banni S, Manca C. Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications. Front Physiol. 2017 Nov 8;8:902. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00902. PMID: 29167646; PMCID: PMC5682332.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
|
Cell lines |
Saos-2 cells |
|
Preparation Method |
When the cells reached 70 -80% confluence, they were treated with different concentrations (0-800 µM) of Palmitic acid. At various times (0-48 h) during the treatment, cells were collected and processed for further experiments. In other experiments, Saos-2 were exposed to 200 µM Palmitic acid in the presence or absence of 500 nM 4-PBA, 5 mM 3-MA, 5 µM AY-22989, or 500 nM TG for 24 h. |
|
Reaction Conditions |
0-800 µM Palmitic acid for 0-48 h |
|
Applications |
Palmitic acid treatment decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and the minimum effective dose was 100 µM Palmitic acid. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
|
Animal models |
Eight-week-old specific pathogen-free female BALB/c mice |
|
Preparation Method |
Prior to infection, mice were treated orally using a gavage needle with 100 L of Palmitic acid (800 uM) or vehicle (PBS containing 0.1% ethanol and 0.1% BSA) for 3 d. Oral treatment was continued for 14 d post-infection. |
|
Dosage form |
100 µL of Palmitic acid (800 µM) for 14days |
|
Applications |
Palmitic acid treatment in mice enhances resistance to Brucella infection and is accompanied by attenuated IL-10 induction during Brucella infection. |
|
References: [1]. Yang L, Guan G, et,al. Palmitic acid induces human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2018 Nov;23(6):1283-1294. doi: 10.1007/s12192-018-0936-8. Epub 2018 Sep 7. PMID: 30194633; PMCID: PMC6237680. |
|
| Cas No. | 57-10-3 | SDF | |
| Überlieferungen | C16:0, Cetylic Acid | ||
| Chemical Name | hexadecanoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | ||
| Formula | C16H32O2 | M.Wt | 256.42 |
| Löslichkeit | ≥ 51mg/mL in DMSO; ≥ 51mg/mL in Ethanol | Storage | Store at -20°C,protect from light |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
||
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
|
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.8999 mL | 19.4993 mL | 38.9985 mL |
| 5 mM | 780 μL | 3.8999 mL | 7.7997 mL |
| 10 mM | 390 μL | 1.9499 mL | 3.8999 mL |
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 30 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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