Dox or DOX is the short form of Doxorubicin, which is also called as Adriamycin,

The molecular structure of Doxorubicin is diagrammatically depicted in Figure 1. In its molecular structure, there is a tetracyclic quinoid aglycone adriamycinone namely 14-hydroxydaunomycinone that is chemically linked to the amino- sugar namely daunosamine. Chemically, it is a derivative of Anthracycline that has antibiotic as well as anticancer properties. The amino group along with the quinone moiety present in the molecular structure of Doxorubicin are the main source of determining the anti-cancer properties of Doxorubicin.

PLX-3397 is the shortened form of Plexxikon 3397, which is also called as Pexidartinib hydrochloride, TURALIO or simply Pexidartinib. Chemically, PLX-3397 is a small molecule. The molecular structure of the PLX-3397 is diagrammatically depicted in Figure 1.

There are various names for the [Leu 15] -Gastrin 1 (Human); these names include human heptadecapeptide, [Leucine15]-Little gastrin I, [Leu15]-HG-17 and also LHG-17.

Nivolumab that is also called as MDX 1106, BMS 936558, ONO 4538 and OPDIVO; it is a compound that is produced in the laboratory by exploiting the genetic engineering technology. Chemically, it is globin protein that either enhances the performance or supports immune system; thus, it is regarded as an antibody or otherwise immunoglobulin. Nivolumab follows the generalized structure of an immunoglobulin; that is shown in Figure 1. More specifically, it belongs to the Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) subclass of the class Immunoglobulin G (IgG). It can specifically bind to its ligand that is programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor protein with a high affinity and forms a molecular complex; because its nature of being monoclonal. The crystal structure of this molecular complex is diagrammatically presented in Figure 2. while the surface representation of this molecular complex is diagrammatically presented in Figure 3.

Calcein AM is the short form of the calcein-acetoxymethyl ester, which is basically a non-fluorescent and cell permeant, i.e., that essentially means that it does not exhibit fluorescence and also the cell membrane allows its free movement across itself owing to its lipophilic nature. Chemically, it is a acetoxymethyl ester of calcein. It passively enters the cell, without any energy expenditure through a gap junction, where it gets biochemically converted, i.e., via the biochemical hydrolysis that is catalyzed by the activity of the esterase enzymes that reside in the cytoplasm, into Calcein, which is acidic in nature as it holds a negative charge being an anion. Moreover, the latter is cell-impermeant, i.e., which essentially means that it does not have the ability to come out of the cell and thus get trapped inside the cell. Furthermore, the important point is that the latter one is fluorophore. The key difference between how Calcein AM and Calcein interact with the cell is shown in Figure 1.