α-Linolenic Acid ethyl ester-d5 (Synonyms: ALAEE-d5, Ethyl α-Linolenate-d5, Ethyl Linolenate-d5, LAEE-d5, Linolenic Acid ethyl ester-d5)

α-Linolenic acid ethyl ester-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of α-linolenic acid ethyl ester by GC- or LC-MS. α-Linolenic acid ethyl ester is an esterified form of α-linolenic acid . It increases cyclin E levels and the activity of Cdk2/cyclin E, ERK, and JNK in hepatic stellate cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM.1 α-Linolenic acid ethyl ester (25 μg/ml) inhibits the growth of S. mutans, C. albicans, and P. gingivalis by 98, 72, and 92%, respectively, in vitro.2 It has been found in biodiesel produced from castor oil using ethanol.3 α-Linolenic acid ethyl ester has been used as a substrate in lipid peroxidation assays for antioxidant activity.4

References
1. Li, J., Hu, W., Baldassare, J.J., et al. The ethanol metabolite, linolenic acid ethyl ester, stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclin signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Life Sci. 73(9), 1083-1096 (2003).
2. Huang, C.B., and Ebersole, J.L. A novel bioactivity of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their ester derivatives. Mol. Oral Microbiol. 25(1), 75-80 (2010).
3. Concei••o, M.M., Fernandes, V.J., Jr., Bezerra, A.F., et al. Dynamic kinetic calculation of castor oil biodiesel. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 87(3), 865-869 (2007).
4. Miyake, T., and Shibamoto, T. Antioxidative activities of natural compounds found in plants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45(5), 1819-1822 (1997).