γ-Aminobutyric acid |
| カタログ番号GC38010 |
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 56-12-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain. Published values for γ-Aminobutyric acid EC50 range from 6.6μM – 107μM [1]. γ-Aminobutyric acid plays a role in fast inhibitory synaptic transmission mainly through cytosolic-mediated presynaptic γ-Aminobutyric acid release and postsynaptic activation of low-affinity GABAA receptors (GABAAR) [2]. γ-Aminobutyric acid plays an important role not only in the brain but also in different metabolic organs [3]. Therefore, γ-Aminobutyric acid is commonly used in studies such as multiple neurologic and metabolic diseases.
In vitro, γ-Aminobutyric acid (100μM) effectively reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in C2C12 myoblasts [4]. γ-Aminobutyric acid at 10mM or lower concentrations showed no significant toxicity in MC3T3-E1 cells, and 20mM or higher concentrations resulted in significant cell death [5]. γ-Aminobutyric acid (100μM and 200μM) effectively reversed the inhibitory effect of H2O2 (100μM) on the proliferation of HUVECs [6].
In vivo, γ-Aminobutyric acid was administered orally by force-feeding to Sprague-Dawley rats for 13 weeks at doses of 500, 1250, and 2500mg/kg/day, and there were no toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes in rats, indicating that the rats tolerated γ-Aminobutyric acid at doses up to 2500mg/kg/day [7]. γ-Aminobutyric acid (500μmol [50mg]) was intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6NHsd mice for 7 days, followed by 500μg of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and 20mg of D-galactosamine intraperitoneally to induce acute hepatic failure in the mice, which was induced 4-5h after the injection using Western blot and immunohistochemistry and histopathology to analyze the proteins present in the blood samples and liver tissues of the mice showed that γ-Aminobutyric acid can inhibit apoptosis through the STAT3 signaling pathway [8].
References:
[1] Zhu, S.e.a.S.o.a.h.s.G.r.N.v., 7712 (2018): 67-72. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0255-3.
[2] Koh W, K.H., Cheong E, Lee CJ, GABA tone regulation and its cognitive functions in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2023 Sep;24(9):523-539.
[3] Kim, K., and Haejin Yoon, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling in Damage Response, Metabolism, and Disease. International journal of molecular sciences, vol. 24,5 4584. 26 Feb. 2023.
[4] Choe H, L.H., Lee J, Kim Y. Protective effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid against oxidative stress by inducing phase II enzymes in C2C12 myoblast cells. J Food Biochem. 2021 Apr;45(4):e13639. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13639. Epub 2021 Feb 3. PMID: 33533516.
[5] Arachchilage Hasitha Maduranga Karunarathne W, H.C.Y., Lee MH, Kang CH, Kim GY. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated bone formation and its implications for anti-osteoporosis strategies: Exploring the relation between GABA and GABA receptors. Biochem Pharmacol. 2023 Dec;218:115888. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115888. Epub 2023 Oct 29. PMID: 38084676.
[6] Zhu Z, S.Z., Xie C, Gong W, Hu Z, Peng Y. A novel mechanism of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) protecting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019 Mar;217:68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.018. Epub 2018 Nov 27. PMID: 30500452.
[7] Takeshima K, Y.A., Yamashita Y, Watabe K, Horie N, et al. Subchronic toxicity evaluation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014:68:128–134.
[8] Hata, T.e.a.G., γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Protects Against Severe Liver Injury.” The Journal of surgical research vol. 236 (2019): 172-183. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.047.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | C2C12 myoblasts |
Preparation Method | C2C12 cells were treated with various concentration of γ-Aminobutyric acid (25, 50, and 100μM) for 24h, and then, exposed to 600μM of H2O2 for 2h. Finally, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity. |
Reaction Conditions | 25, 50 and 100μM; 24h |
Applications | H2O2 (600μM) decreased the cell viability of C2C12 myoblasts. However, γ-Aminobutyric acid treatment significantly increased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Remarkably, treatment with 100μM of γ-Aminobutyric acid showed the highest cytoprotection against oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Sprague-Dawley rats |
Preparation Method | Treated the Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of γ-Aminobutyric acid (1.5mg/kg) or the GAD inhibitor l-allylglycine (40mg/kg) for 3 days, and then analysis the expression of γ-Aminobutyric acid-ergic signaling proteins in the rat liver. |
Dosage form | 1.5mg/kg/day for 3 days; i.p. injection |
Applications | γ-Aminobutyric acid (1.5mg/kg) did not affect the levels of total bilirubin, ALT, and AST in Sprague-Dawley rats. However, inhibition of endogenous γ-Aminobutyric acid production by l-allylglycine (a kind of γ-Aminobutyric acid synthetase inhibitor) significantly decreased blood glucose level. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 56-12-2 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(O)CCCN | ||
| Formula | C4H9NO2 | M.Wt | 103.12 |
| 溶解度 | Water: ≥ 50 mg/mL (484.87 mM) | Storage | Store at RT |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
||
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
|
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 9.6974 mL | 48.4872 mL | 96.9744 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.9395 mL | 9.6974 mL | 19.3949 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.9697 mL | 4.8487 mL | 9.6974 mL |
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- Purity: >99.00%
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Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 38 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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