N-Desbutyl Dronedarone (hydrochloride)

N-Desbutyl dronedarone is an active metabolite of the antiarrhythmic agent dronedarone .^1,2,3 It is formed from dronedarone by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in human hepatocyte preparations.⁴ N-Desbutyl dronedarone inhibits the binding of 3,3’,5-triiodo-L-thyronine to the thyroid hormone receptors TRα₁ and TRβ₁ (IC₅₀s = 59 and 280 µM for the chicken and human receptors, respectively).¹ It inhibits CYP2J2-mediated formation of 14,15-EET from arachidonic acid and soluble epoxide hydrolase-mediated formation of 14,15-DHET from 14,15-EET (IC₅₀s = 1.59 and 2.73 µM, respectively, in cell-free assays).² N-Desbutyl dronedarone decreases intracellular ATP levels in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes (IC₅₀ = 1.07 µM) and inhibits mitochondrial complex I, also known as NADH dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase, activities in isolated rat heart mitochondria (IC₅₀s = 11.94 and 24.54 µM, respectively).³

1.Van Beeren, H.C., Jong, W.M.C., Kaptein, E., et al.Dronerarone acts as a selective inhibitor of 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine binding to thyroid hormone receptor-α1: in vitro and in vivo evidenceEndocrinology144(2)552-558(2003) 2.Karkhanis, A., Tram, N.D.T., and Chan, E.C.Y.Effects of dronedarone, amiodarone and their active metabolites on sequential metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acidsBiochem. Pharmacol.146188-198(2017) 3.Karkhanis, A., Leow, J.W.H., Hagen, T., et al.Dronedarone-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and its mitigation by epoxyeicosatrienoic acidsToxicol. Sci.163(1)79-91(2018) 4.Klieber, S., Arabeyre-Fabre, C., Moliner, P., et al.Identification of metabolic pathways and enzyme systems involved in the in vitro human hepatic metabolism of dronedarone, a potent new oral antiarrhythmic drugPharmacol. Res. Perspec.2(3)e00044(2014)