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Immunology/Inflammation

The immune and inflammation-related pathway including the Toll-like receptors pathway, the B cell receptor signaling pathway, the T cell receptor signaling pathway, etc.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens. TLR4 initially recruits TIRAP and MyD88. MyD88 then recruits IRAKs, TRAF6, and the TAK1 complex, leading to early-stage activation of NF-κB and MAP kinases [1]. TLR4 is endocytosed and delivered to intracellular vesicles and forms a complex with TRAM and TRIF, which then recruits TRAF3 and the protein kinases TBK1 and IKKi. TBK1 and IKKi catalyze the phosphorylation of IRF3, leading to the expression of type I IFN [2].

BCR signaling is initiated through ligation of mIg under conditions that induce phosphorylation of the ITAMs in CD79, leading to the activation of Syk. Once Syk is activated, the BCR signal is transmitted via a series of proteins associated with the adaptor protein B-cell linker (Blnk, SLP-65). Blnk binds CD79a via non-ITAM tyrosines and is phosphorylated by Syk. Phospho-Blnk acts as a scaffold for the assembly of the other components, including Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), Vav 1, and phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCγ2) [3]. Following the assembly of the BCR-signalosome, GRB2 binds and activates the Ras-guanine exchange factor SOS, which in turn activates the small GTPase RAS. The original RAS signal is transmitted and amplified through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which including the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase RAF followed by MEK and extracellular signal related kinases ERK 1 and 2 [4]. After stimulation of BCR, CD19 is phosphorylated by Lyn. Phosphorylated CD19 activates PI3K by binding to the p85 subunit of PI3K and produce phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) from PIP2, and PIP3 transmits signals downstream [5].

Central process of T cells responding to specific antigens is the binding of the T-cell receptor (TCR) to specific peptides bound to the major histocompatibility complex which expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once TCR connected with its ligand, the ζ-chain–associated protein kinase 70 molecules (Zap-70) are recruited to the TCR-CD3 site and activated, resulting in an initiation of several signaling cascades. Once stimulation, Zap-70 forms complexes with several molecules including SLP-76; and a sequential protein kinase cascade is initiated, consisting of MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), and MAP kinase (MAPK) [6]. Two MAPK kinases, MKK4 and MKK7, have been reported to be the primary activators of JNK. MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6 are activators of P38 MAP kinase [7]. MAP kinase pathways are major pathways induced by TCR stimulation, and they play a key role in T-cell responses.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) binds to the cytosolic domain of CD28, leading to conversion of PIP2 to PIP3, activation of PKB (Akt) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), and subsequent signaling transduction [8].

 

References

[1] Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors[J]. Nature immunology, 2010, 11(5): 373-384.

[2] Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity[J]. Immunity, 2011, 34(5): 637-650.

[3] Packard T A, Cambier J C. B lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling: initiation, amplification, and regulation[J]. F1000Prime Rep, 2013, 5(40.10): 12703.

[4] Zhong Y, Byrd J C, Dubovsky J A. The B-cell receptor pathway: a critical component of healthy and malignant immune biology[C]//Seminars in hematology. WB Saunders, 2014, 51(3): 206-218.

[5] Baba Y, Matsumoto M, Kurosaki T. Calcium signaling in B cells: regulation of cytosolic Ca 2+ increase and its sensor molecules, STIM1 and STIM2[J]. Molecular immunology, 2014, 62(2): 339-343.

[6] Adachi K, Davis M M. T-cell receptor ligation induces distinct signaling pathways in naive vs. antigen-experienced T cells[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108(4): 1549-1554.

[7] Rincón M, Flavell R A, Davis R A. The Jnk and P38 MAP kinase signaling pathways in T cell–mediated immune responses[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2000, 28(9): 1328-1337.

[8] Bashour K T, Gondarenko A, Chen H, et al. CD28 and CD3 have complementary roles in T-cell traction forces[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111(6): 2241-2246.

Targets for  Immunology/Inflammation

Products for  Immunology/Inflammation

  1. Cat.No. Product Name Information
  2. GC41740 (S)-p38 MAPK Inhibitor III (S)-p38 MAPK inhibitor III is a methylsulfanylimidazole that inhibits p38 MAP kinase (IC50 = 0.90 μM in vitro). (S)-p38 MAPK Inhibitor III  Chemical Structure
  3. GC46356 (Z)-9-Hexadecenol An unsaturated long-chain fatty alcohol with diverse biological activities (Z)-9-Hexadecenol  Chemical Structure
  4. GC38880 (Z)-Leukadherin-1 (Z)-Leukadherin-1 (ADH-503 free base) is an orally active and allosteric CD11b agonist. (Z)-Leukadherin-1 leads to the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages, reduction in the number of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and enhances dendritic cell responses. (Z)-Leukadherin-1  Chemical Structure
  5. GC18787 (±)-Dunnione (±)-Dunnione is a naturally occurring naphthoquinone with diverse biological activities. (±)-Dunnione  Chemical Structure
  6. GC13662 (±)-Lisofylline anti-inflammatory agent (±)-Lisofylline  Chemical Structure
  7. GC46054 1β-Acetoxypolygodial A sesquiterpenoid 1β-Acetoxypolygodial  Chemical Structure
  8. GC49768 1,1’-Ethylidene-bis-(L-tryptophan) A potential impurity found in commercial preparations of L-tryptophan 1,1’-Ethylidene-bis-(L-tryptophan)  Chemical Structure
  9. GC45285 1,2,3-Trihexanoyl-rac-glycerol   1,2,3-Trihexanoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  10. GC46042 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-13C-sn-glycero-3-PC An internal standard for the quantification of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-13C-sn-glycero-3-PC  Chemical Structure
  11. GC45781 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-d31-sn-glycero-3-PC An internal standard for the quantification of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-d31-sn-glycero-3-PC  Chemical Structure
  12. GC46385 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-α-D-Mannopyranose A ManNAc analog and building block 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-α-D-Mannopyranose  Chemical Structure
  13. GC46386 1,3,6,8-Pyrenetetrasulfonic Acid (sodium salt hydrate) A synthetic intermediate 1,3,6,8-Pyrenetetrasulfonic Acid (sodium salt hydrate)  Chemical Structure
  14. GC41837 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid

    1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a methyl derivative of uric acid and a product of C-8 oxidation of caffeine by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

    1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid  Chemical Structure
  15. GC46387 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid-d9 An internal standard for the quantification of 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid-d9  Chemical Structure
  16. GC35037 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative, and activates PI3K/Akt. 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid  Chemical Structure
  17. GC41855 1,3-Distearoyl-2-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol 1,3-Distearoyl-2-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol that contains stearic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and oleic acid at the sn-2 position. 1,3-Distearoyl-2-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  18. GC11173 1,3-PBIT (dihydrobromide) potent inhibitor of iNOS 1,3-PBIT (dihydrobromide)  Chemical Structure
  19. GC33314 1,4-Chrysenequinone (Chrysene-1,4-dione) 1,4-Chrysenequinone (Chrysene-1,4-dione), a polycyclic aromatic quinone, acts as an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). 1,4-Chrysenequinone (Chrysene-1,4-dione)  Chemical Structure
  20. GC14627 1,4-PBIT (dihydrobromide) potent inhibitor of purified human iNOS and nNOS 1,4-PBIT (dihydrobromide)  Chemical Structure
  21. GC40706 1,6-Dimethoxyphenazine 1,6-Dimethoxyphenazine is a bacterial metabolite that has been found in S. 1,6-Dimethoxyphenazine  Chemical Structure
  22. GC49294 1-(4-Chlorobenzhydryl)piperazine An inactive metabolite of meclizine and chlorcyclizine 1-(4-Chlorobenzhydryl)piperazine  Chemical Structure
  23. GC41986 1-Arachidonoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid (ammonium salt)

    1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a phospholipid containing arachidonic acid at the sn-1 position.

    1-Arachidonoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid (ammonium salt)  Chemical Structure
  24. GC41990 1-Decanoyl-rac-glycerol 1-Decanoyl-rac-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol that contains decanoic acid at the sn-1 position. 1-Decanoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  25. GC52186 1-Docosahexaenoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC 1-Docosahexaenoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC  Chemical Structure
  26. GC45957 1-Heptadecanoyl-rac-glycerol A monoacylglycerol 1-Heptadecanoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  27. GC46481 1-Hydroxyphenazine A P. aeruginosa virulence factor 1-Hydroxyphenazine  Chemical Structure
  28. GC49495 1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfenyl)-hexane An isothiocyanate with diverse biological activities 1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfenyl)-hexane  Chemical Structure
  29. GC45696 1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol 1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol (1-1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol) possesses anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity. 1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  30. GC41998 1-Methyl-4-imidazoleacetic Acid (hydrochloride) 1-Methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid (MIMA) is a stable metabolite of histamine that is produced by the oxidation of the primary metabolite, N-methylhistamine. 1-Methyl-4-imidazoleacetic Acid (hydrochloride)  Chemical Structure
  31. GC13379 1-Naphthyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate dual 5-lipoxygenase and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 inhibitor 1-Naphthyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate  Chemical Structure
  32. GC18235 1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol

    1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol is a bioactive alkyl glyceryl ether.

    1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  33. GC42010 1-Octanoyl-rac-glycerol 1-Octanoyl-rac-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol that contains octanoic acid at the sn-1 position. 1-Octanoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  34. GC40910 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a naturally-occurring lysophospholipid and an analog of plasmalogen lysophosphatidylethanolamine. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE  Chemical Structure
  35. GC40146 1-Oleoyl-2-Palmitoyl-rac-glycerol 1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol (1,2-OP) is a diacylglycerol containing oleic acid at the sn-1 position and palmitic acid at the sn-2 position. 1-Oleoyl-2-Palmitoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  36. GC18376 1-Palmitoleoyl glycerol 1-Palmitoleoyl glycerol is a bioactive monoacylglycerol. 1-Palmitoleoyl glycerol  Chemical Structure
  37. GC42020 1-Palmitoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid 1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-Palmitoyl LPA) is a LPA analog containing palmitic acid at the sn-1 position. 1-Palmitoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid  Chemical Structure
  38. GC42021 1-Palmitoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid (sodium salt) 1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-Palmitoyl LPA) is a LPA analog containing palmitic acid at the sn-1 position. 1-Palmitoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid (sodium salt)  Chemical Structure
  39. GC42023 1-Palmitoyl-2-Arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC 1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (PAPC) is a phospholipid containing palmitic acid (16:0) and arachidonic acid (20:4) at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively, that is found in biological membranes. 1-Palmitoyl-2-Arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC  Chemical Structure
  40. GC42026 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC is an abundant gonadal LPC (lysophosphatidylcholine). 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC  Chemical Structure
  41. GC18651 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE

    1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a naturally-occurring lysophospholipid.

    1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE  Chemical Structure
  42. GC42035 1-Palmitoyl-2-Stearoyl-3-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol 1-Palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol that contains palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. 1-Palmitoyl-2-Stearoyl-3-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  43. GC49071 1-Palmitoyl-d9 Lysophosphatidic Acid An internal standard for the quantification of 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid 1-Palmitoyl-d9 Lysophosphatidic Acid  Chemical Structure
  44. GC45693 1-Palmitoyl-d9-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC A quantitative analytical standard guaranteed to meet MaxSpec® identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications 1-Palmitoyl-d9-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC  Chemical Structure
  45. GC42040 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE is a phospholipid that contains stearic acid at the sn-1 position and 15(S)-HETE at the sn-2 position. 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE  Chemical Structure
  46. GC49730 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE-d11 An internal standard for the quantification of 1-stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE-d11  Chemical Structure
  47. GC41331 1-Stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC 1-Stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC is a saturated 18:0 lysophosphatidylcholine found in plasma and oxidized LDL that is thought to play a role in inflammatory diseases and atherosclerosis. 1-Stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC  Chemical Structure
  48. GC46498 1-Stearoyl-d35-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC An internal standard for the quantification of 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC 1-Stearoyl-d35-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC  Chemical Structure
  49. GC40176 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol that contains stearic acid at the sn-1 position. 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  50. GC46501 1-thio-β-D-Glucose Tetraacetate A building block 1-thio-β-D-Glucose Tetraacetate  Chemical Structure
  51. GC45785 1-Undecanoyl-rac-glycerol A monoacylglycerol 1-Undecanoyl-rac-glycerol  Chemical Structure
  52. GC41865 10'-Desmethoxystreptonigrin 10'-Desmethoxystreptonigrin is an antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces and a derivative of the antibiotic streptonigrin. 10'-Desmethoxystreptonigrin  Chemical Structure
  53. GC46400 10(11)-Cl-BBQ Mixture A mixture that acts as an AhR agonist 10(11)-Cl-BBQ Mixture  Chemical Structure
  54. GC40971 10(S),17(S)-DiHDHA Protectin D1 (also known as neuroprotectin D1 when produced in neuronal tissues) is a DHA-derived dihydroxy fatty acid that exhibits potent protective and anti-inflammatory activities. 10(S),17(S)-DiHDHA  Chemical Structure
  55. GC50422 10-Cl-BBQ Potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist; orally bioavailable 10-Cl-BBQ  Chemical Structure
  56. GC41866 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium (trifluoromethylsulfonate) 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium is an acridinium ester that produces fluorescent 10-methyl-9-acridone upon oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, and other oxidants in alkaline conditions. 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium (trifluoromethylsulfonate)  Chemical Structure
  57. GC46402 10-Methyldodec-2-en-4-olide

    A bacterial volatile lactone

    10-Methyldodec-2-en-4-olide  Chemical Structure
  58. GC41868 10-Nitrooleate 10-Nitrooleate (CXA-10), a nitro fatty acid, has potential effects in disease states in which oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and/or direct tissue toxicity play significant roles. 10-Nitrooleate  Chemical Structure
  59. GC46404 10-Norparvulenone A fungal metabolite 10-Norparvulenone  Chemical Structure
  60. GC52423 10Panx (trifluoroacetate salt) A peptide inhibitor of PANX1 10Panx (trifluoroacetate salt)  Chemical Structure
  61. GC41875 11(Z),14(Z)-Eicosadienoic Acid methyl ester 11(Z),14(Z)-Eicosadienoic acid methyl ester is a more lipid soluble form of the ω-6 C20-2 fatty acid 11(Z),14(Z)-eicosadienoic acid, a naturally occurring PUFA. 11(Z),14(Z)-Eicosadienoic Acid methyl ester  Chemical Structure
  62. GC18634 11-deoxy Prostaglandin E1 11-deoxy Prostaglandin E1 (11-deoxy PGE1) is a synthetic analog of PGE1. 11-deoxy Prostaglandin E1  Chemical Structure
  63. GC41121 11-deoxy Prostaglandin E2 11-deoxy Prostaglandin E2 (11-deoxy PGE2) is a stable, synthetic analog of PGE2. 11-deoxy Prostaglandin E2  Chemical Structure
  64. GC40274 11-deoxy Prostaglandin F2α 11-deoxy PGF2α is a synthetic analog of PGF2α. 11-deoxy Prostaglandin F2α  Chemical Structure
  65. GC10821 11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid 11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid (11-Keto-β-boswellic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenic acid of the oleogum resin from the bark of the Boswellia serrate tree, popularly known as Indian Frankincense. 11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid has the anti-inflammatory activity is primarily due to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and subsequent leukotriene and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and tumor necrosis factor alpha generation production. 11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid  Chemical Structure
  66. GC41144 11-trans Leukotriene C4 11-trans Leukotriene C4 (11-trans LTC4) is a C-11 double bond isomer of LTC4. 11-trans Leukotriene C4  Chemical Structure
  67. GC41147 11-trans Leukotriene D4 11-trans Leukotriene D4 (11-trans LTD4) is a C-11 double bond isomer of LTD4. 11-trans Leukotriene D4  Chemical Structure
  68. GC41149 11-trans Leukotriene E4 Slow isomerization of the C-11 double bond of LTE4 leads to the formation of 11-trans LTE4. 11-trans Leukotriene E4  Chemical Structure
  69. GC52343 113-O12B An ionizable cationic lipidoid 113-O12B  Chemical Structure
  70. GC18637 11β-Prostaglandin F2α

    11β-Prostaglandin F2α (11β-PGF2α) is the primary plasma metabolite of PGD2 in vivo.

    11β-Prostaglandin F2α  Chemical Structure
  71. GC40447 12(R)-HETE Biosynthesis of 12(R)-HETE in invertebrates is via lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid. 12(R)-HETE  Chemical Structure
  72. GC46415 12-Bromododecanoic Acid A halogenated form of lauric acid 12-Bromododecanoic Acid  Chemical Structure
  73. GC41123 12-epi Leukotriene B4 Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) compounds are produced by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. 12-epi Leukotriene B4  Chemical Structure
  74. GC41332 12-methyl Myristic Acid methyl ester 12-methyl Myristic acid methyl ester is a methylated fatty acid methyl ester that has been found in vermicomposts of cattle manure, carica papaya leaves, and cuticular wax of K. 12-methyl Myristic Acid methyl ester  Chemical Structure
  75. GC49808 12-methyl Tridecanoic Acid A methylated fatty acid 12-methyl Tridecanoic Acid  Chemical Structure
  76. GC41096 12-oxo Leukotriene B4 Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a dihydroxy fatty acid derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-LO pathway. 12-oxo Leukotriene B4  Chemical Structure
  77. GC52133 12-Tridecenoic Acid 12-Tridecenoic Acid  Chemical Structure
  78. GC40578 13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin D1 Prostaglandin D1 (PGD1) is the theoretical D-series metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but to date it has not been isolated as a natural product. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin D1  Chemical Structure
  79. GC18783 13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin E1 13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a metabolite of PGE1 with much reduced biological activity. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin E1  Chemical Structure
  80. GC41333 13-methyl Myristic Acid methyl ester 13-methyl Myristic acid methyl ester is a methylated bacterial fatty acid methyl ester. 13-methyl Myristic Acid methyl ester  Chemical Structure
  81. GC49759 13C17-Mycophenolic Acid An internal standard for the quantification of mycophenolic acid 13C17-Mycophenolic Acid  Chemical Structure
  82. GC49912 13C20,15N10-Cyclic di-GMP (sodium salt) An internal standard for the quantification of cyclic di-GMP 13C20,15N10-Cyclic di-GMP (sodium salt)  Chemical Structure
  83. GC49390 13C6-4-Nitroaniline An internal standard for the quantification of 4-nitroaniline 13C6-4-Nitroaniline  Chemical Structure
  84. GC41206 14(S)-HDHA Docosahexaenoic acid is a nutritionally-derived ω-3 fatty acid that is abundant in the brain and the retina and is thought to be important in early development and for therapeutic approaches to inflammatory disorders and cancer. 14(S)-HDHA  Chemical Structure
  85. GC41100 14,15-dehydro Leukotriene B4 Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a dihydroxy fatty acid derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. 14,15-dehydro Leukotriene B4  Chemical Structure
  86. GC41145 14,15-Leukotriene C4 Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in leukocytes. 14,15-Leukotriene C4  Chemical Structure
  87. GC41148 14,15-Leukotriene D4 14,15-Leukotriene D4 (14,15-LTD4) is a member of an alternate class of LTs synthesized by a pathway involving the dual actions of 15- and 12-lipoxygenases (15- and 12-LOs) on arachidonic acid via 15-HpETE and 14,15-LTA4 intermediates. 14,15-Leukotriene D4  Chemical Structure
  88. GC41150 14,15-Leukotriene E4 Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in leukocytes. 14,15-Leukotriene E4  Chemical Structure
  89. GC40763 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydro Andrographolide 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydro Andrographolide is an analog of the natural diterpenoid andrographolide that can be isolated from A. 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydro Andrographolide  Chemical Structure
  90. GC41918 14-methyl Pentadecanoic Acid methyl ester 14-methyl Pentadecanoic acid methyl ester is a methylated fatty acid methyl ester that has been found in S. 14-methyl Pentadecanoic Acid methyl ester  Chemical Structure
  91. GC13563 1400W dihydrochloride INOS inhibitor,potent and highly selective 1400W dihydrochloride  Chemical Structure
  92. GC41164 15(R)-15-methyl Prostaglandin D2 15(R)-15-methyl Prostaglandin D2 (15(R)-15-methyl PGD2) is a metabolically stable synthetic analog of PGD2. 15(R)-15-methyl Prostaglandin D2  Chemical Structure
  93. GC41415 15(R)-Lipoxin A4

    Lipid-derived lipoxins are produced at the site of vascular and mucosal inflammation where they down-regulate polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment and function.

    15(R)-Lipoxin A4  Chemical Structure
  94. GC40373 15(S)-HEPE 15(S)-HEPE is a monohydroxy fatty acid synthesized from EPA by the action of 15-LO. 15(S)-HEPE  Chemical Structure
  95. GC40451 15(S)-HETE 15(S)-HETE is a major arachidonic acid metabolite from the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. 15(S)-HETE  Chemical Structure
  96. GC41950 16α-hydroxy Estrone The naturally-occurring estrogens are estrone, estradiol, and estriol. 16α-hydroxy Estrone  Chemical Structure
  97. GC18778 16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin A1 16,16-dimethyl PGA1 is a metabolism resistant analog of PGA1. 16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin A1  Chemical Structure
  98. GC41942 16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin A2 16,16-dimethyl PGA2 is a metabolism-resistant analog of PGA2 with a prolonged in vivo half-life. 16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin A2  Chemical Structure
  99. GC18803 16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin F2β 16,16-dimethyl PGF2β is a metabolically stable analog of PGF2β. 16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin F2β  Chemical Structure
  100. GC41110 16-epi Latrunculin B 16-epi Latrunculin B, first isolated from the Red Sea sponge N. 16-epi Latrunculin B  Chemical Structure
  101. GC49068 16-Epiestriol A metabolite of estrone 16-Epiestriol  Chemical Structure

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