In recent years, three types of innovative drugs (targets), namely ADCs, GLP-1 and PROTACs, have attracted much attention in the field of drug research and development. Whether through pipeline acquisitions or independent research and development, major pharmaceutical companies have been actively making arrangements. Especially the first two types of drugs have entered the "harvest period", with new drugs being approved from time to time.

AKT (PKB or Rac) is a serine/threonine kinase located at the core node of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway (PAM pathway), regulating basic functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth, and apoptosis of cells. AKT has three subtypes: Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3. The PH domain (pleckstrin homology domain) of AKT specifically binds to PIP2 and PIP3, allowing AKT to be localized on the cell membrane. Subsequently, the kinase domain transfers the phosphate group of ATP to the substrate threonine for phosphorylation.