Formoterol

Formoterol is a kind of long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist ^[1]. Formoterol is widely used for symptomatic relief in asthma and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ^[2]. The therapeutic mechanism of Formoterol involves both bronchodilation through airway smooth muscle relaxation and anti-inflammatory activity ^[2].

Formoterol (0.1μM; 24h) inhibited secretion of TNFα in the bronchial epithelial (BE) cells infected with rhinovirus ^[3]. Formoterol (1μM; 24h) effectively reduced tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced SH-SY5Y cell death ^[1]. Formoterol (0.1nM~1μM; 24h) inhibited the IgE-dependent release of histamine from human lung mast cells in a concentration-dependent manner ^[4].

Formoterol (1mg/kg; 4 weeks; s.c.) decreased the expression of Fbxo32 and Trim63 in muscle wasting Balb/c mice induced by doxorubicin hydrochloride ^[5]. Formoterol (1mg/kg; 2 weeks; i.p.) prevented abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in erythropoietin-induced ApoE^−/− mice ^[2].

References:
[1] Chang J C, Chang H S, Chao Y C, et al. Formoterol acting via β2-adrenoreceptor restores mitochondrial dysfunction caused by parkinson's disease-related UQCRC1 mutation and improves mitochondrial homeostasis including dynamic and transport [J]. Biology, 2024, 13(4): 231.
[2] Zhang J, Cao Y, Ren R, et al. Medium-dose formoterol attenuated abdominal aortic aneurysm induced by EPO via β2AR/cAMP/SIRT1 pathway [J]. Advanced science, 2024, 11(15): e2306232.
[3] Bochkov Y A, Busse W W, Brockman-Schneider R A, et al. Budesonide and formoterol effects on rhinovirus replication and epithelial cell cytokine responses [J]. Respiratory research, 2013, 14(1): 98.
[4] Scola A M, Chong L K, Suvarna S K, et al. Desensitisation of mast cell beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses by salmeterol and formoterol [J]. British journal of pharmacology, 2004, 141(1): 163-171.
[5] De Lima Junior E A, Teixeira A A S, Silveira L S, et al. Formoterol reduces muscle wasting in mice undergoing doxorubicin chemotherapy [J]. Frontiers in oncology, 2023, 13: 1237709.