Rosmanol could inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LPL) and significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced iNOS and COX-2 expression, with anti-inflammatory effect.
Rosmanol exhibits the strongest inhibition on cell viability with IC50 approximately 42 μM. Rosmanol might suppress cancer cell proliferation or induce cancer cell undergoing apoptosis that lead to cell growth-inhibition. With 50 μM of Rosmanol treatment, the percentage of COLO 205 cells undergoing apoptosis increase dramatically from 9 h (29%) to 24 h (51%). Within 24 h of treatment with 50 μM Rosmanol, COLO 205 cells exhibit significant morphological changes and chromosomal condensation, which is indicative of apoptotic cell death[1]. Carnosol is a lipid protector against attack by O2[2].
[1]. Cheng AC, et al. Rosmanol potently induces apoptosis through both the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and death receptor pathway in human colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Feb;49(2):485-93. [2]. Loussouarn M, et al. Carnosic Acid and Carnosol, Two Major Antioxidants of Rosemary, Act through Different Mechanisms. Plant Physiol. 2017 Nov;175(3):1381-1394.