GLPBio

Apramycin Sulfate

Catalog No.: GC12855Purity:>98.00%
COASDSData Sheet
Apramycin Sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic for animals, is widely used to treat Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and other infections.

Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.

Apramycin Sulfate
Cas No.: 65710-07-8
10mM (in 1mL DMSO)In Stock
$35.00
1
50mgIn Stock
$52.00
1
Tel: (909) 407-4943 / (909) 689-7124Email: sales@glpbio.com

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Description

Apramycin Sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic for animals, is widely used to treat Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and other infections[1]. Apramycin showed potent in-vitro activity against hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae isolates, including those resistant to amikacin or gentamicin[2].

Apramycin (50mg/L, overnight) was used as a selection marker to successfully select isolates with the restoration of functional wild type Ompk35 or Ompk36[3].

Apramycin (20mg/kg, i.p.) and citrulline combined with glutamine significantly improved the body condition of the infected mice[1]. Apramycin (20, 80, or 500mg/kg, s.c.) demonstrated a dramatic therapeutic effect against A. baumannii strains MSRN7465, MSRN1450 and FDA-CDC278 in neutropenic murine thigh infection model[4].

References:
[1] Yong Y, Zhou Y, Liu K, et al. Exogenous citrulline and glutamine contribute to reverse the resistance of Salmonella to apramycin. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021 Oct 14;12:759170.
[2] Melchiorri D, Rocke T, Alm RA, et al. Addressing urgent priorities in antibiotic development: insights from WHO 2023 antibacterial clinical pipeline analyses. The Lancet Microbe. 2024 Oct 22.
[3] Sun L, Li H, Wang Q, et al. Increased gene expression and copy number of mutated bla KPC lead to high-level ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC microbiology. 2021 Dec;21:1-0.
[4] Kang AD, Smith KP, Berg AH, et al. Efficacy of apramycin against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the murine neutropenic thigh model. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2018 Apr;62(4):10-128.

Protocol

Cell experiment [1]:

Cell lines

The competent cells of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates

Preparation Method

The competent cells of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates were prepared using 10% glycerol. The mixture of 50μl electrocompetent cells and 5μl plasmid was transferred into a 2mm electroporation cuvette and electroporated using MicroPuler System (Bio-Rad) at 2.5kV. The cells were plated onto Luria-Bertani (LB) agar containing Apramycin at 50mg/L. The plates were incubated at 37°C overnight, and the successful clone was identified using PCR and sequencing. PCR detection for the presence of beta-lactamase genes encoding carbapenemases, ESBL associated genes, and plasmid-borne AmpC beta-lactamases were performed. Outer membrane protein genes were amplified by PCR. PCR amplicons were sequenced and compared with sequences available in the GenBank database using BLAST searches.

Reaction Conditions

50mg/L, overnight

Applications

Apramycin was used as a selection marker to successfully select isolates with the restoration of functional wild type Ompk35 or Ompk36.
Animal experiment [2]:

Animal models

Neutropenia mouse Apramycin-resistant Salmonella strains infection model

Preparation Method

Ninety healthy female mice were divided into nine groups, with 10 mice in each group. The groups comprised the negative control group without bacterial infection, the positive control group (mice infected with drug-resistant bacteria but without any treatment), and the other seven groups were treated with Apramycin, citrulline, glutamine, Apramycin plus citrulline, Apramycin plus glutamine, or Apramycin plus citrulline plus glutamine, respectively, after infection with drug-resistant bacteria. All animals were tested and found to be Salmonella typhimurium-free before the start of experiments.

Eighty mice were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide for 5 days to establish a neutropenia model. After the establishment of the model, 0.1ml Apramycin-induced Salmonella typhimurium (Apr-R-CICC21484) suspension was injected intraperitoneally at a concentration of 107 colony-forming units/ml. At 12h after infection, the mice in the experimental group were injected intraperitoneally with Apramycin or citrulline and glutamine. The doses of Apramycin, citrulline, and glutamine used in the experiment were 20mg/kg body weight (b.w.), 240mg/kg b.w., and 200mg/kg b.w., respectively. At 24h after treatment, all mice were euthanized. The liver, spleen, and blood of all mice were collected under sterile conditions and placed in saline. The tissue or blood of each mouse was homogenized separately, diluted with saline, and inoculated on different nutrient agar plates. Finally, the bacterial load of each mouse liver, spleen, and a blood sample was calculated to evaluate the effect of different treatment schemes.

Dosage form

20mg/kg, i.p.

Applications

Apramycin and citrulline combined with glutamine significantly improved the body condition of the infected mice.

References:
[1] Sun L, Li H, Wang Q, et al. Increased gene expression and copy number of mutated bla KPC lead to high-level ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC microbiology. 2021 Dec;21:1-0.
[2] Yong Y, Zhou Y, Liu K, et al. Exogenous citrulline and glutamine contribute to reverse the resistance of Salmonella to apramycin. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021 Oct 14;12:759170.

Product Documents

Purity:>98.00%Appearance:A solid
COASDSData Sheet

Chemical Properties

CAS No.
65710-07-8
Chemical Name
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,4aR,6S,7R,8aS)-7-amino-6-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3-(methylamino)-2,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a-octahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-yl]oxy]-5-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid
SMILES
CNC1C(C2C(CC(C(O2)OC3C(CC(C(C3O)O)N)N)N)OC1OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)N)O)O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O
Molecular Formula
C21H41N5O11.xH2O4S
Molecular Weight
637.66
Solubility
≥ 64.2mg/mL in Water, <6.38mg/mL in DMSO
Storage
Store at 2-8°C
General tips
Select a suitable solvent according to the product solubility data. Once prepared, aliquot the stock solution to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Use stock solutions within 6 months when stored at -80°C or within 1 month when stored at -20°C.
To improve solubility, warm the tube to 37°C and sonicate it for an appropriate period.
Shipping Condition
Evaluation samples are shipped with blue ice. Other available sizes are shipped at room temperature or with blue ice upon request.

CalculatorsMolarity / Dilution / Molecular Weight / Unit Conversion / In Vivo Formulation / Solubility

g/mol

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