Signaling Pathways
The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), a humanized or human monoclonal antibody conjugated with highly cytotoxic small molecules (payloads) through chemical linkers, is a novel therapeutic format and has great potential to make a paradigm shift in cancer chemotherapy. The three components of the ADC together give rise to a powerful oncolytic agent capable of delivering normally intolerable cytotoxins directly to cancer cells, which then internalize and release the cell-destroying drugs. At present, two ADCs, Adcetris and Kadcyla, have received regulatory approval with >40 others in clinical development.
ADCs are administered intravenously in order to prevent the mAb from being destroyed by gastric acids and proteolytic enzymes. The mAb component of the ADC enables it to circulate in the bloodstream until it finds and binds to tumor-specific cell surface antigens present on target cancer cells. Linker chemistry is an important determinant of the safety, specificity, potency and activity of ADCs. Linkers are designed to be stable in the blood stream (to conform to the increased circulation time of mAbs) and labile at the cancer site to allow rapid release of the cytotoxic drug. First generation ADCs made use of early cytotoxins such as the anthracycline, doxorubicin or the anti-metabolite/antifolate agent, methotrexate. Current cytotoxins have far greater potency and can be divided into three main groups: auristatins, maytansines and calicheamicins.
The development of site-specific conjugation methodologies for constructing homogeneous ADCs is an especially promising path to improving ADC design, which will open the way for novel cancer therapeutics.
References:
[1] Tsuchikama K, et al. Protein Cell. 2016 Oct 14. DOI:10.1007/s13238-016-0323-0.
[2] Peters C, et al. Biosci Rep. 2015 Jun 12;35(4). pii: e00225. doi: 10.1042/BSR20150089.
Products for Signaling Pathways
- Proteases(2)
- Apoptosis(2)
- Chromatin/Epigenetics(5)
- Metabolism(3)
- MAPK Signaling(0)
- Tyrosine Kinase(4)
- DNA Damage/DNA Repair(1)
- PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling(3)
- Microbiology & Virology(3)
- Cell Cycle/Checkpoint(6)
- Ubiquitination/ Proteasome(2)
- JAK/STAT Signaling(0)
- TGF-β / Smad Signaling(6)
- Angiogenesis(1)
- GPCR/G protein(3)
- Stem Cell(3)
- Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel(2)
- Cancer Biology(1)
- Endocrinology and Hormones(29)
- Neuroscience(1)
- Obesity, Appetite Control & Diabetes(9)
- Peptide Inhibitors and Substrate(1)
- Other Signal Transduction(61)
- Others(14)
- Immunology/Inflammation(26)
- Cardiovascular(39)
- Vitamin D Related(0)
- Antibody-drug Conjugate/ADC Related(0)
- PROTAC(0)
- Cat.No. Product Name Information
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GC45195
α,β-Methyleneadenosine 5’-triphosphate (sodium salt)
α,β-Methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (αβ-methylene ATP) is a phosphonic analog of ATP that is characterized by the replacement of the bridging oxygen atom between the α- and β-phosphate groups with methylene.
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GC40262
α-Humulene
α-Humulene is a sesquiterpene that has been found in C.
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GC40302
α-hydroxy Tamoxifen
Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator that is widely used in the therapeutic and chemopreventive treatment of breast cancer.
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GC45213
α-NETA
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mediates the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline.
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GC38287
α-Pyridone
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GC10873
α-Spinasterol
TRPV1 antagonist
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GC37980
α-Tocopherol phosphate
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GC45224
α-Truxillic Acid
α-Truxillic acid can be formed by the dimerization of two molecules of α-trans-cinnamic acid.
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GC40753
α-Zearalanol
α-Zearalanol is an active metabolite formed by reduction of α-zearalenol, an estrogen receptor antagonist.
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GC38873
α2β1 Integrin Ligand Peptide TFA
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GC37984
β-Amyloid (1-42), rat
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GC34944
β-CGRP, human TFA
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GC41267
β-cyano-L-Alanine
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.
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GA24007
β-Endorphin (30-31) (bovine, camel, mouse, ovine)
The dipeptide Gly-Gln, which is naturally derived from the posttranslational processing of β-endorphin, exhibited an inhibitory action on cell firing when applied iontophoretically to brainstem neurons in the rat. Moreover, it seems to be a neurotrophic regulator of acetylcholinesterase in the mammalian sympathetic ganglion. Gly-Gln suppressed morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats.
Gly-Gln has found use as a Gln source in parenteral nutrition, see also G-1210.
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GC38030
β-Endorphin, equine (TFA)
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GC38007
β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), human TFA
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GC38010
γ-Aminobutyric acid
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GC17002
γ1-MSH
melanocortin MC3 receptor agonist
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GC45239
δ4-Abiraterone
δ4-Abiraterone (D4A) is an active metabolite of the CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone.
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GC13886
ω-Conotoxin GVIA
blocker of N-type calcium channels