Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is an endogenous, vasoactive purine dinucleotide that is stored in platelet secretory granules. It can activate 5'-nucleotidase and inhibit adenosine kinase activity[1-2]. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium significantly increases the open probability of the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) channel and is commonly used in cancer-related studies[3-4].
In vitro, treatment of rat glomerular mesangial cells with Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium (10μM) for 48 hours, Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium significantly stimulated cell proliferation and protein synthesis by elevating cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) and potentiated the proliferation induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)[5]. In cultured hippocampal neurons, treatment with Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium (100μM) for 3 days, Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium significantly inhibited total dendritic length and dendritic branch number through P2X1 receptor-mediated transient calcium influx in dendritic growth cones[6].
References:
[1] Bone R, Cheng YC, Wolfenden R. Inhibition of thymidine kinase by P1-(adenosine-5')-P5-(thymidine-5')-pentaphosphate. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 5;261(13):5731-5.
[2] Thore S, Wuttke A, Tengholm A. Rapid turnover of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in insulin-secreting cells mediated by Ca2+ and the ATP-to-ADP ratio. Diabetes. 2007 Mar;56(3):818-26.
[3] Schulze DU, Düfer M, Wieringa B, et al. An adenylate kinase is involved in KATP channel regulation of mouse pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia. 2007 Oct;50(10):2126-34.
[4] Eppstein DA, Schryver BB, Marsh YV. Stereoconfiguration markedly affects the biochemical and biological properties of phosphorothioate analogs of 2-5A core, (A2'p5')2A. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 5;261(13):5999-6003.
[5] Heidenreich S, Tepel M, Schlüter H, et al. Regulation of rat mesangial cell growth by diadenosine phosphates. J Clin Invest. 1995 Jun;95(6):2862-7.
[6] Diez-Zaera M, Ruiz-Calvo A, Diaz-Hernandez JI, et al. Diadenosine pentaphosphate regulates dendrite growth and number in cultured hippocampal neurons. Purinergic Signal. 2024 Apr;20(2):115-125.