(-)-ZK 216348 is the enantiomer of (+)-ZK 216348. (+)-ZK 216348 is a nonsteroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist with an IC50 of 20.3 nM. ZK 216348 also binds to Progesterone and mineralocorticoid receptors with IC50 s of 20.4 nM and 79.9 nM, respectively. ZK 216348 has antiinflammatory activity similar to Prednisolone and induces less transactivation-mediated side effects [1] [2].
In Vivo, ZK 216348 (1-30 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; for 24 hours; NMRI mice and Wistar rats) treatment inhibits ear edema in both mice and rats. A markedly superior side-effect profile is found in ZK 216348 with regard to increases in blood glucose, spleen involution, and, to a lesser extent, skin atrophy[1].
In Vitro, In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), ZK 216348 inhibits TNF-α and IL-12 with IC50 of 89 nM and 52 nM, respectively[1]. Participation of an active GR in the antiinflammatory response of ZK 216348 is further investigated in Caco-2 cells, where the TNF-α-induced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 is suppressed in the presence of ZK 216348[2].
References:
[1]. Schäcke H, et al. Dissociation of transactivation from transrepression by a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist leads to separation of therapeutic effects from side effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jan 6;101(1):227-32.
[2]. Reuter KC, et al. Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: studies in mice with acute trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Apr;341(1):68-80.
In Vivo, ZK 216348 (1-30 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; for 24 hours; NMRI mice and Wistar rats) treatment inhibits ear edema in both mice and rats. A markedly superior side-effect profile is found in ZK 216348 with regard to increases in blood glucose, spleen involution, and, to a lesser extent, skin atrophy[1].
In Vitro, In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), ZK 216348 inhibits TNF-α and IL-12 with IC50 of 89 nM and 52 nM, respectively[1]. Participation of an active GR in the antiinflammatory response of ZK 216348 is further investigated in Caco-2 cells, where the TNF-α-induced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 is suppressed in the presence of ZK 216348[2].
References:
[1]. Schäcke H, et al. Dissociation of transactivation from transrepression by a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist leads to separation of therapeutic effects from side effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jan 6;101(1):227-32.
[2]. Reuter KC, et al. Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: studies in mice with acute trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Apr;341(1):68-80.