PA22-2 (IKVAV sequence; Laminin A-chain fragment) TFA is a laminin receptor ligand. PA22-2 TFA competes with laminin for receptor binding sites, thereby mediating biological responses such as cell adhesion, migration, morphology regulation and angiogenesis. PA22-2 TFA promotes adhesion, spreading, directional migration and axon growth of specific cells, and supports endothelial cell mobilization and vascular formation. PA22-2 TFA inhibits laminin-mediated adhesion and migration in melanoma cells, and its antiserum reacts with the laminin A chain and native laminin, effectively blocking cell adhesion and axon growth [1] [2].
In Vivo, PA22-2 TFA (2 mg/mL; topical application to yolk sac membrane) stimulates angiogenesis in the chick yolk sac membrane assay, promoting vessel thickness, abundance, and branching in 90% of tested eggs[2]. PA22-2 TFA (200 μg; topical application via coated coverslip) significantly stimulates angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, increasing mean vessel area relative to untreated controls[2].
In Vitro, PA22-2 TFA (200 μg; 2 h coverslip coating, 18 h cell incubation) induces a fibroblastoid, migratory morphology in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), with most cells losing contact inhibition and developing extended cellular processes[2]. PA22-2 TFA (200 μg/mL; 6 h) induces a threefold increase in type IV collagenase activity, including active forms at 68 Kd and 62 Kd, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on Matrigel, leading to degradation of the Matrigel matrix and release of collagen IV fragments[2].
References:
[1]. Tashiro K, et al. A synthetic peptide containing the IKVAV sequence from the A chain of laminin mediates cell attachment, migration, and neurite outgrowth. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1989 Sep 25;264(27):16174-82.
[2]. Grant DS, et al. Interaction of endothelial cells with a laminin A chain peptide (SIKVAV) in vitro and induction of angiogenic behavior in vivo. Journal of cellular physiology. 1992 Dec;153(3):614-25.
In Vivo, PA22-2 TFA (2 mg/mL; topical application to yolk sac membrane) stimulates angiogenesis in the chick yolk sac membrane assay, promoting vessel thickness, abundance, and branching in 90% of tested eggs[2]. PA22-2 TFA (200 μg; topical application via coated coverslip) significantly stimulates angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, increasing mean vessel area relative to untreated controls[2].
In Vitro, PA22-2 TFA (200 μg; 2 h coverslip coating, 18 h cell incubation) induces a fibroblastoid, migratory morphology in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), with most cells losing contact inhibition and developing extended cellular processes[2]. PA22-2 TFA (200 μg/mL; 6 h) induces a threefold increase in type IV collagenase activity, including active forms at 68 Kd and 62 Kd, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on Matrigel, leading to degradation of the Matrigel matrix and release of collagen IV fragments[2].
References:
[1]. Tashiro K, et al. A synthetic peptide containing the IKVAV sequence from the A chain of laminin mediates cell attachment, migration, and neurite outgrowth. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1989 Sep 25;264(27):16174-82.
[2]. Grant DS, et al. Interaction of endothelial cells with a laminin A chain peptide (SIKVAV) in vitro and induction of angiogenic behavior in vivo. Journal of cellular physiology. 1992 Dec;153(3):614-25.