(±)9-HODE

(±)9-HODE is one of the two racemic monohydroxy fatty acids resulting from the non-enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid. Approximately equal proportions of both isomers are found in mitochondrial and plasma membranes of rabbit reticulocytes. [1][2] Oxidized LDL contains significant amounts of esterified 9- and 13-HpODEs and HODEs. [3][4]

Reference:
[1]. Kühn, H., Belkner, J., and Wiesner, R. Subcellular distribution of lipoxygenase products in rabbit reticulocyte membranes. Eur. J. Biochem. 191(1), 221-227 (1990).
[2]. Kühn, H., Belkner, J., and Wiesner, R. Metabolism of polyenoic fatty acids by rabbit reticulocytes. Intracellular action of the erythroid lipoxygenase on membrane lipids. Biomedica Biochimica Acta 49, S25-S30 (1990).
[3]. Folcik, V.A., and Cathcart, M.K. Predominance of esterified hydroperoxy-linoleic acid in human monocyte-oxidized LDL. Journal of Lipid Research 35, 1570-1582 (1994).
[4]. Ku, G., Thomas, C.E., Akeson, A.L., et al. Induction of interleukin 1β expression from human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages by 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 267(20), 14183-14188 (1992).