Ethaselen (BBSKE) is an orally active, selective thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.5 and 0.35 μM for the wild-type human TrxR1 and rat TrxR1, respectively. Ethaselen specifically binds to the unique selenocysteine-cysteine redox pair in the C-terminal active site of mammalian TrxR1. Ethaselen, an organoselenium compound, is a potent antitumor candidate that exerts potent inhibition on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting TrxR[1][2].
Ethaselen (2.5-10 μM; 12, 24 hours) suppresses A549 cell viability in a both concentration- and time-dependent manner. H1666, which has considerably lower TrxR1 expression level, is less susceptible to 24 h treatment with Ethaselen[1]. Ethaselen inhibits the intracellular TrxR1 activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 4.2 and 2 μM for 12- and 24-h treatments, respectively[1]. Ethaselen (2.5-10 μM; 12, 24 hours) has no effect on the protein amounts of TrxR1 and Trx. The mRNA level of TrxR1 does not show significant alteration in Ethaselen-treated A549 cells[1]. Ethaselen (2.5-50 μM; 1-24 hours) causes intracellular Trx oxidation in A549 cells[1]. Ethaselen (5-10 μM; 12, 24 hours) causes a clear concentration-dependent increase in ROS levels in A549 cells[1]. The inhibition constants for Ethaselen binding to free enzyme (Ki) and the enzyme-substrate complex (Kis) were determined to be 0.022 and 0.087 μM, respectively. Ethaselen also inhibits mammalian TrxR1 in a time-dependent manner possibly by forming a covalent Se-S bond with Cys497 of Trx[1].
Ethaselen(BBSKE; 36-108 mg/kg/day; PO; for 10 days) shows increased inhibition of tumor growth in a dose-independent manner[2].
[1]. Lihui Wang, et al. Ethaselen: a potent mammalian thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor and novel organoselenium anticancer agent. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012 Mar 1;52(5):898-908.
[2]. Suo-Fu Ye, et al. Dose-biomarker-response modeling of the anticancer effect of ethaselen in a human non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017 Feb;38(2):223-232.