LDAO (Lauryl Dimethylamine Oxide) is a nonionic/zwitterionic detergent that can be used to solubilize and stabilize membrane proteins[1]. LDAO's mild decontamination ability allows it to effectively disrupt the lipid bilayer structure while maintaining the native conformation of the protein[2]. LDAO is often used to solubilize transmembrane proteins (such as G protein-coupled receptors) in bacterial or mammalian cell membranes while maintaining their functional activity[3]. LDAO can indirectly affect the activity of H+-ATPase by dissolving the mitochondrial membrane structure, thereby regulating the ATP hydrolysis process[4]. LDAO added to copper-free click chemistry reactions significantly increased the binding efficiency of CRM197 variants to Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharides[5]. Addition of LDAO to the growth medium of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum resulted in drastic changes in carotenoid biosynthesis[6].
References:
[1] Veldhuis G, Gabellieri E, Poolman B, et al. The effect of the detergent-shell on the structure of a membrane-protein[J]. Mechanics of the mannitol transporter from Escherichia coli, 111.
[2] Orwick‐Rydmark M, Arnold T, Linke D. The use of detergents to purify membrane proteins[J]. Current protocols in protein science, 2016, 84(1): 4.8. 1-4.8. 35.
[3] Marcovich I. Structural studies of enzymes: a bacterial flippase and a human kinase[J]. 2020.
[4] Vazquez-Laslop N, Dreyfus G. Mitochondrial H+-ATPase activation by an amine oxide detergent[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1986, 261(17): 7807-7810.
[5] Bautista L, Pill-Pepe L, Kapoor N, et al. Addition of lauryldimethylamine N-oxide (LDAO) to a copper-free click chemistry reaction improves the conjugation efficiency of a cell-free generated CRM197 variant to clinically important Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes[J]. ACS omega, 2022, 7(39): 34921-34928.
[6] Hagemann G E, Sturgis J N, Wagner E, et al. The effects of the detergent LDAO on the carotenoid metabolism and growth of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum[J]. Microbiological research, 1996, 151(4): 421-426.