Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum and high bactericidal activity against major pathogenic bacteria [1]. Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) binds to the DNA-topoisomerase complex at the cleavage–ligation site, leading to conformational changes in the enzyme and inhibiting DNA replication through inefficient DNA ligation [2]. Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) has been used to control bacterial infections of the mastitis, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts in cattle[3].
In vitro, Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) treatment (40µg/ml) for 72 hours significantly increased the γH2Ax level in Abrams cells and led to a significant decrease in cell viability[4]. Treatment with 200µg/ml Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) for 4 days induced the characteristic of DNA fragmentation and the condensation of apoptotic cell nuclei in canine tendon cells and chondrocytes[5]. Treatment with 200µg/ml Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) for 24 hours induced the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in L8824 cells, disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting cell death[6].
In vivo, Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) treatment via oral administration at a dose of 10mg/kg every 12 hours for 7 days significantly reduced lung inflammation in mice after cerebral middle artery occlusion (MCAo), increased the survival rate of mice, and prevented weight loss[7]. Oral administration of water containing 0.27mg/ml Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) daily for 2 weeks significantly alleviated the symptoms of contact sensitivity (CS) in mice, altered the composition of the intestinal flora, and promoted anti-inflammatory responses[8].
References:
[1] Lopez-Cadenas C, Sierra-Vega M, Garcia-Vieitez J J, et al. Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride): pharmacokinetics and metabolism in domestic animal species[J]. Current Drug Metabolism, 2013, 14(10): 1042-1058.
[2] Grabowski Ł, Gaffke L, Pierzynowska K, et al. Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride)—the ruthless killer of eukaryotic cells or the last hope in the fight against bacterial infections?[J]. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, 23(7): 3648.
[3] Mitchell M A. Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride)[J]. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2006, 15(1): 66-69.
[4] York D, Withers S S, Watson K D, et al. Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) enhances the effects of chemotherapy in canine osteosarcoma cells with mutant and wild‐type p53[J]. Veterinary and comparative oncology, 2017, 15(3): 1087-1100.
[5] Lim S, Hossain M A, Park J, et al. The effects of Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) on canine tendon cells and chondrocytes proliferation in vitro[J]. Veterinary research communications, 2008, 32(3): 243-253.
[6] Liu B, Cui Y, Brown P B, et al. Cytotoxic effects and apoptosis induction of Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) in hepatic cell line of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2015, 47(2): 639-644.
[7] Hetze S, Engel O, Römer C, et al. Superiority of preventive antibiotic treatment compared with standard treatment of poststroke pneumonia in experimental stroke: a bed to bench approach[J]. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2013, 33(6): 846-854.
[8] Strzępa A, Majewska-Szczepanik M, Lobo F M, et al. Broad spectrum antibiotic Enrofloxacin hydrochloride (BAY-Vp2674 hydrochloride) modulates contact sensitivity through gut microbiota in a murine model[J]. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2017, 140(1): 121-133. e3.