Funalenone

Funalenone is a phenalenone originally isolated from A. niger. It inhibits HIV-1 integrase (IC50 = 10 μM) and HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood cells transformed by murine leukemia virus (HPB-M(a); IC50 = 1.7 μM) but is less cytotoxic to mammalian HPB-M(a) cells (IC50 = 87 μM). Funalenone selectively inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1; IC50 = 170 μM) over MMP-2 and MMP-9, which it inhibits by 18.3 and 38.2%, respectively, when used at a concentration of 400 μM. It also inhibits the bacterial cell wall synthesis enzymes MraY and MurG (IC50s = 25.5 μM in a membrane plate assay) and inhibits growth of S. aureus with a MIC value of 64 μg/mL.