Mitraphylline

Mitraphylline is the major pentacyclic oxindolic alkaloid found in U. tomentosa and has anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. It reduces production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α as well as expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-activated human neutrophils. Mitraphylline inhibits the growth of SKN-BE(2) neuroblastoma, GAMG glioblastoma, MHH-ES-1 Ewing's sarcoma, and MT-3 breast cancer cells (IC50s = 12.3, 20, 17.15, and 11.18 μM, respectively). In vivo, mitraphylline (30 mg/kg per day) inhibits LPS-induced release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α in mouse serum.