Saponarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Saponarin activates AMPK in a calcium-dependent manner, thus regulating gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake[1][2][3].
[1]. Simeonova R, et al. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of saponarin from Gypsophila trichotoma on streptozotocin-induced diabetic normotensive and hypertensive rats. Phytomedicine. 2016 May 15;23(5):483-90.
[2]. Seo KH, et al. Saponarin from barley sprouts inhibits NF-κB and MAPK on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Food Funct. 2014 Nov;5(11):3005-13.
[3]. Seo WD, et al. Saponarin activates AMPK in a calcium-dependent manner and suppresses gluconeogenesis and increases glucose uptake via phosphorylation of CRTC2 and HDAC5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2015 Nov 15;25(22):5237-42.