4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3

4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d₃ (4-HNE-GSH-d₃) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-HNE-GSH by GC- or LC-MS. 4-hydroxy-Nonenal (4-HNE) is a major aldehyde produced during the lipid peroxidation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid.^1,2 4-HNE-GSH is a major adduct formed by the reaction of 4-HNE with GSH.^3,4,5,6 4-HNE-GSH levels in liver, plasma, or isolated cells can serve as biomarkers for oxidative stress.⁷ The trapping of 4-HNE by glutathione to give HNE-GSH prevents the formation of DNA adducts with 4-HNE.^8,9 In human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, HNE-GSH is metabolized to 1,4-dihydroxynonene glutathione (DHN-GSH), 4-hydroxynonenoic acid glutathione (HNA-GSH), and 4-hydroxy nonenal mercapturic acid (HNE-MA).³

References:
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