Kinetin is a plant hormone that can regulate gene expression, cell cycle and calcium flux [1]. Kinetin can regulate DNA repair and proteosome-mediated protein turnover, and activate Arabidopsis cell division through induction of the d-type cyclin CycD3 [2]. Kinetin has been widely used to protects DNA against oxidative damage to 8-oxo-dG mediated by the Fenton reaction [3].
In vitro, Kinetin treatment (10μM) for 7 days significantly stimulated differentiation of C2C12 cells into myotubes [4]. Treatment with 40μM Kinetin for 2 days significantly inhibited the growth of keratinocytes and increased the levels of the Involucrin and K10 protein [5]. The 24-hour treatment with 500μM Kinetin significantly inhibited the viability of HL-60 cells[6].
In vivo, Kinetin treatment via oral administration at a dose of 20mg/kg daily for 90 days significantly improved cognitive impairment in mice induced by aluminum chloride and D-galactose, and reduced brain oxidative stress[7]. Daily intraperitoneal injection of 1mg/kg dose of Kinetin for 10 days significantly alleviated the oxidative stress in the liver of rats induced by cisplatin and reduced the levels of CRP, IL-6 and CD95[8].
References:
[1] Barciszewski J, Siboska G, Rattan S I S, et al. Occurrence, biosynthesis and properties of kinetin (N6-furfuryladenine)[J]. Plant growth regulation, 2000, 32(2): 257-265.
[2] Barciszewski J, Rattan S I S, Siboska G, et al. Kinetin—45 years on[J]. Plant science, 1999, 148(1): 37-45.
[3] Barciszewski J, Massino F, Clark B F C. Kinetin—a multiactive molecule[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2007, 40(3): 182-192.
[4] Mielcarek M, Isalan M. Kinetin stimulates differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts[J]. PLoS One, 2021, 16(10): e0258419.
[5] Berge U, Kristensen P, Rattan S I S. Kinetin‐induced differentiation of normal human keratinocytes undergoing aging in vitro[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006, 1067(1): 332-336.
[6] Naseem M, Othman E M, Fathy M, et al. Integrated structural and functional analysis of the protective effects of kinetin against oxidative stress in mammalian cellular systems[J]. Scientific reports, 2020, 10(1): 13330.
[7] Wei Y, Liu D, Zheng Y, et al. Protective effects of kinetin against aluminum chloride and D-galactose induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage in mouse[J]. Brain research bulletin, 2017, 134: 262-272.
[8] Fathy M, Darwish M A, Abdelhamid A S M, et al. Kinetin ameliorates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and lymphotoxicity via attenuating oxidative damage, cell apoptosis and inflammation in rats[J]. Biomedicines, 2022, 10(7): 1620.