Citations
1 publicationsPublications from researchers using this productDescription
IPPD-Q is the oxidation products of N,N'-Substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPD), with oxidative potential values of 0.93μM min–1μM–1for dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption rate[1-2]. IPPD-Q has been used in air pollution research and pollutant diagnosis research[3].
In vitro, IPPD-Q exhibits EC50 values of 2.97mg/L (30min) for Aquatic bacterium Vibrio fischeri[4]. IPPD-Q treatment (2.97mg/L) for 30min resulted in a significant decrease in metabolic activity and esterase activity and an increase in the degree of membranocyte damage and oxidative stress in Vibrio fischeri[4]. Treatment of hCMEC-D3 cells with 1.00μM IPPD-Q for 24 hours induced cell apoptosis, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, upregulated Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression, and triggered blood-brain barrier dysfunction[5].
References:
[1] Wang W, Cao G, Zhang J, et al. p-Phenylenediamine-derived quinones as new contributors to the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter[J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2022, 9(9): 712-717.
[2] Wang W, Cao G, Zhang J, et al. Beyond substituted p-Phenylenediamine antioxidants: Prevalence of their quinone derivatives in PM2. 5[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2022, 56(15): 10629-10637.
[3] Mao T, Liu W, Deng J, et al. p-Phenylenediamines and p-phenylenediamine quinone derivatives in rubber consumer products and typical urban dust: Sources, transformation profiles, and health risks[J]. Environment International, 2024, 192: 109042.
[4] Wang W, Chen Y, Fang J, et al. Toxicity of substituted p-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their derived novel quinones on aquatic bacterium: Acute effects and mechanistic insights[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024, 469: 133900.
[5] Han M, Xia K, Xue Y, et al. Emergence of More Potent PPD-Qs beyond 6PPD-Q in Human Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid[J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2025.
Protocol
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
hCMEC-D3 cell |
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Preparation Method |
hCMEC-D3 cells were grown in endothelial cell medium (ECM) which included 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% endothelial cell growth supplement along with 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution. Under 37 °C conditions with 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere the cell culture medium was changed every two days until cells reached 90% confluency. For 24 hours cells underwent treatment with different concentrations of IPPD-Q including 0, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00μM. Collect cells from various exposure groups for protein expression analysis using Western blotting assays. Assess whether atorvastatin at a concentration of 0.30μM could modify the cellular effects of IPPD-Q when cells received both treatments simultaneously. The vehicle control that consisted of 0.1% DMSO (v/v) showed negligible effects after its evaluation process and thus became the designated exposure group 0. |
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Reaction Conditions |
0, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00μM; 24h |
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Applications |
IPPD-Q can increase the level of TNF-α, induce cell apoptosis, up-regulate PAI-1 and lead to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of hCMEC-D3 cells, resulting in endothelial cell dysfunction. |
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References: |
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Product Documents
Chemical Properties
Use stock solutions within 6 months when stored at -80°C or within 1 month when stored at -20°C.
To improve solubility, warm the tube to 37°C and sonicate it for an appropriate period.
CalculatorsMolarity / Dilution / Molecular Weight / Unit Conversion / In Vivo Formulation / Solubility
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