Satratoxin H

Satratoxin H is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found in Stachybotrys.1 It induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and induces apoptosis in PC12 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 nM. Satratoxin H is cytotoxic to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; IC50 = 6.8 ng/ml), as well as HepG2, A549, A204, U937, and Jurkat cancer cells (IC50s = 1.2-3.4 ng/ml).2 In vivo, satratoxin H induces ulceration of the small intestine in, and is lethal to mice (LD50 = 5.69 mg/kg).3

|1. Nusuetrong, P., Pengsuparp, T., Meksuriyen, D., et al. Satratoxin H generates reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides in PC12 cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31(6), 1115-1120 (2008).|2. Nielsen, C., Casteel, M., Didier, A., et al. Trichothecene-induced cytotoxicity on human cell lines. Mycotoxin Res. 25(2), 77-84 (2009).|3. Yoshizawa, T., Ohtsubo, K., Sasaki, T., et al. Acute toxicities of satratoxins G and H in mice--a histopathological observation with special reference to the liver injury caused by satratoxin G. Proc. Jpn. Assoc. Mycotoxicol. 23, 53-57 (1986).