Karelinine is a steroidal alkaloid found in the bulbs of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim and Fritillaria karelinii. Karelinine shows accelerated absorption and elimination rates, and increased area under the curve (AUC 0-t ) when administered as part of the nanodispersion preparation (FUN) in rat plasma following oral administration [1].
In Vivo, Karelinine (270-2613 mg/kg raw drug equivalent; p.o.; single dose) exhibits the fastest absorption (shortest Tmax), highest peak plasma concentration (Cmax), largest area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and shortest elimination half-life (t1/2) when administered as part of the nanodispersion preparation (FUN) preparation, indicating FUN provides superior absorption efficiency and bioavailability for karelinine in Rattus norvegicus[1].
References:
[1]. Wu H, et al. Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Three Steroidal Alkaloids in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-MS After Oral Administration of Three Different Preparations of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim Bulb. Biomed Chromatogr. 2025;39(3):e6087.
In Vivo, Karelinine (270-2613 mg/kg raw drug equivalent; p.o.; single dose) exhibits the fastest absorption (shortest Tmax), highest peak plasma concentration (Cmax), largest area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and shortest elimination half-life (t1/2) when administered as part of the nanodispersion preparation (FUN) preparation, indicating FUN provides superior absorption efficiency and bioavailability for karelinine in Rattus norvegicus[1].
References:
[1]. Wu H, et al. Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Three Steroidal Alkaloids in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-MS After Oral Administration of Three Different Preparations of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim Bulb. Biomed Chromatogr. 2025;39(3):e6087.