M40 TFA (0.1-1 nmol, intracisternal injection, single dose) blocks selectively the central cardiovascular responses induced by galanin-(1–15) in Sprague-Dawley rats models, according to the recognization of galanin receptor in N-terminus[1].
M40 TFA (2-8 nmol, intraventricular or intrahippocampal, single dose) exhibits antagonist efficacy against galanin on memory tasks in sprague-dawley rats models, exhibits potency in alleviating the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease[2].
References:
[1]. Narváez JA, et al., The galanin receptor antagonist M40 blocks the central cardiovascular actions of the galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15). Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Jul 7;399(2-3):197-203.
[2]. McDonald MP, et al., Galanin inhibits performance on rodent memory tasks. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Dec 21;863:305-22.
[3]. Branchek T, et al., Molecular biology and pharmacology of galanin receptors. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Dec 21;863:94-107.