Papain (≥800u/mg) |
| Catalog No.GC33829 |
Papain is a cysteine protease with wide specificity, cleaving peptide bonds of basic amino acids, leucine, or glycine.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 9001-73-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Papain is a cysteine protease with wide specificity, cleaving peptide bonds of basic amino acids, leucine, or glycine. It also hydrolyzes esters and amides.
Papain did not induce proteolysis or cell detachment of HUVEC in a concentration range between 0 and 25 µg/mL. Four hours treatment with 10 µg/mL papain resulted in a reduced susceptibility of endothelial cells to activation by VEGF as determined by phosphorylation levels of Akt, MEK1/2, SAPK/JNK. Papain exerted a distinct inhibitory effect on cell growth, cell migration and tube formation with inhibition of tube formation detectable at concentrations as low as 1 µg/mL[4]. Papain Activates Human Mast Cells to Release Proinflammatory Mediators via its Enzymatic Activity, papain is a direct activator of both human skin MCs (connective tissue) and CBMCs (mucosal type) via its protease activity and partly via PAR-2 [5]. While the affinity to cGMP, I-V relation, channel kinetics, and single-channel current amplitude were almost the same in both papain-treated and the control preparations, the total current flowing through the patch membrane of the papain-treated cells was reduced to about 20% of the control, suggesting that papain reduced the density of cGMP-activated channels[2]. A significant increase in cell viability when papain was used for RPC isolation[3].
Papain is a cysteine protease allergen with inherent adjuvant activity, induces potent IL-4 expression by T cells in the popliteal lymph nodes of mice following footpad immunization. B cells subsequently regulate the adaptive immune response by enhancing ICOS expression on CD4(+) T cells and amplifying Th2 and follicular helper T cell induction. Ab blockade of ICOS ligand, expressed by popliteal lymph node B cells, but not dendritic cells, at the peak of the response inhibits IL-4 responses in wild-type mice but not B cell-deficient mice. Thus, B cells play a critical role in amplifying adjuvant-dependent Th2 polarization following noncanonical acquisition and internalization of the cysteine protease papain[1]. purified papain from C. papaya were effective against S. venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vitro, suggesting their potential use as an alternative treatment for strongyloidiasis[7]. Rapidly progressing joint disease can be produced in the rabbit by intra-articular injection of concentrated papain[9]. Enzymatically active papain preferentially induces an IgG1 response and results in mast cell degranulation, both features typical of an allergic reaction in mice[8].
References:
[1]. Dwyer DF, Woodruff MC, et,al. B cells regulate CD4+ T cell responses to papain following B cell receptor-independent papain uptake. J Immunol. 2014 Jul 15;193(2):529-39. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303247. Epub 2014 Jun 13. PMID: 24928991; PMCID: PMC4203309.
[2]. Shen J, Watanabe S, et,al. Cell dissociation with papain reduces the density of cGMP-activated channels of the retinal rod. Jpn J Physiol. 1995;45(1):151-64. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.45.151. PMID: 7544417.
[3]. Scruggs BA, Jiao C, et,al. Optimizing Donor Cellular Dissociation and Subretinal Injection Parameters for Stem Cell-Based Treatments. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019 Aug;8(8):797-809. doi: 10.1002/sctm.18-0210. Epub 2019 Apr 19. PMID: 31004408; PMCID: PMC6646699.
[4]. Mohr T, Desser L. Plant proteolytic enzyme papain abrogates angiogenic activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Sep 21;13:231. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-231. PMID: 24053149; PMCID: PMC3849051.
[5]. Seaf M, Ben-Zimra M, et,al. Papain Activates Human Mast Cells to Release Proinflammatory Mediators via its Enzymatic Activity. J Invest Dermatol. 2016 Jul;136(7):1523-1525. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.030. Epub 2016 Apr 7. PMID: 27060447.
[6]. Moraes D, Levenhagen MA, et,al. In vitro efficacy of latex and purified papain from Carica papaya against Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2017 Apr 3;59:e7. doi: 10.1590/S1678-9946201759007. PMID: 28380118; PMCID: PMC5441158.
[7]. Moraes D, Levenhagen MA, et,al. In vitro efficacy of latex and purified papain from Carica papaya against Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2017 Apr 3;59:e7. doi: 10.1590/S1678-9946201759007. PMID: 28380118; PMCID: PMC5441158.
[8]. Chambers L, Brown A, et,al. Enzymatically active papain preferentially induces an allergic response in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Dec 30;253(3):837-40. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9862. PMID: 9918815.
[9]. Havdrup T, Telhag H. Papain-induced changes in the knee joints of adult rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand. 1977;48(2):143-9. doi: 10.3109/17453677708985125. PMID: 868495.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
|
Cell lines |
HUVEC cell |
|
Preparation Method |
Cells seeded into 12 well plates and incubated with EGM to allow for the formation of monolayers. After 24 hours, EGM was replaced with EBM containing 2.5% FCS, 10 ng/mL VEGF, and 10 µg/mL papain. After a further 10 hours incubation period, cells were stained with 2 µM Calcein and pictures were taken at 4 fold magnification using a Nikon Eclipse Ti, the FITC filter set of the instrument and a Nikon Digital Sight DS-Fi1C camera. |
|
Reaction Conditions |
10 µg/mL papain for 10 hours |
|
Applications |
Papain did not induce proteolysis or cell detachment of HUVEC in a concentration range between 0 and 25 µg/mL. Four hours treatment with 10 µg/mL papain resulted in a reduced susceptibility of endothelial cells to activation by VEGF as determined by phosphorylation levels of Akt, MEK1/2, SAPK/JNK. Papain exerted a distinct inhibitory effect on cell growth, cell migration and tube formation with inhibition of tube formation detectable at concentrations as low as 1 µg/mL. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
|
Animal models |
C57BL/6 mice |
|
Preparation Method |
C57BL/6 mice were given naive B cells by i.v. injection 24 h prior to imaging. Recipient mice were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and prepared on a surgical board for PLN live imaging. Exposed PLNs were monitored for physiological temperature maintenance and imaged using a Zeiss Bio-Rad Radiance 2100 Multiphoton microscope.AF488-labeled papain was injected in the footpad at time point 0, and serial 150-µm depth captures (3-µm steps) were taken every 2 min for 60 min following papain injection. |
|
Dosage form |
For intravital microscopy, mice were injected with 10 µl papain at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. |
|
Applications |
Papain, a cysteine protease allergen with inherent adjuvant activity, induces potent IL-4 expression by T cells in the popliteal lymph nodes of mice following footpad immunization. B cells subsequently regulate the adaptive immune response by enhancing ICOS expression on CD4(+) T cells and amplifying Th2 and follicular helper T cell induction. Ab blockade of ICOS ligand, expressed by popliteal lymph node B cells, but not dendritic cells, at the peak of the response inhibits IL-4 responses in wild-type mice but not B cell-deficient mice. Thus, B cells play a critical role in amplifying adjuvant-dependent Th2 polarization following noncanonical acquisition and internalization of the cysteine protease papain. |
|
References: [1].Mohr T, Desser L. Plant proteolytic enzyme papain abrogates angiogenic activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Sep 21;13:231. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-231. PMID: 24053149; PMCID: PMC3849051. |
|
| Cas No. | 9001-73-4 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | [Papain] | ||
| Formula | M.Wt | ||
| Solubility | Water : 50 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic);DMSO : 5 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic) | Storage | Store at 2-8°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
||
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Biological Activity: 803u/mg
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 38 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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