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Home >> Signaling Pathways >> Proteases

Proteases

Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.

Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.

Targets for  Proteases

Products for  Proteases

  1. Cat.No. Product Name Information
  2. GC11282 β-Estradiol

    β-Estradiol, Estradiol, 17β-Oestradiol, E2

    Sex hormone

     β-Estradiol Chemical Structure
  3. GC71814 α-1-3,4 Fucosyltransferase, helicobacter pylori

    α-1-3,4 Fucosyltransferase (α1,3/4FucT) (EC 2.4.1.65) (Hp3/4FT) can be found in Helicobacter pylori.

     α-1-3,4 Fucosyltransferase, helicobacter pylori Chemical Structure
  4. GC71815 α-2,3-Sialyltransferase, pasteurella multocida alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase (PmST3) (EC 2.4.99.4) is a beta-galactoside. α-2,3-Sialyltransferase, pasteurella multocida Chemical Structure
  5. GC41183 α-Carotene

    all-trans-α-Carotene

    α-Carotene is a precursor of vitamin A that has been found in various fruits and vegetables.

     α-Carotene Chemical Structure
  6. GC45208 α-hydroxy Metoprolol α-hydroxy Metoprolol is an active metabolite of the β1-adrenergic receptor blocker metoprolol. α-hydroxy Metoprolol Chemical Structure
  7. GC48948 α-Ketoglutaric Acid (sodium salt)

    α-KGA, 2-Oxoglutaric Acid

     α-Ketoglutaric Acid (sodium salt) (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. α-Ketoglutaric Acid (sodium salt) Chemical Structure
  8. GC40718 α-Muricholic Acid

    5β-Cholanic Acid-3α,6β,7α-triol

    α-Muricholic acid is a murine-specific primary bile acid.

     α-Muricholic Acid Chemical Structure
  9. GC40480 α-Phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)acetonitrile

    NSC 16276, 2-Pyridylphenylacetonitrile

     α-Phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)thioacetamide, also known as antigastrin and SC-15396, is an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. α-Phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)acetonitrile Chemical Structure
  10. GC38287 α-Pyridone α-Pyridone is an endogenous metabolite. α-Pyridone Chemical Structure
  11. GC71810 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase, neisseria meningitides beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (LgtB) (EC 2.4.1.90) (B4GALT1 (LgtB)) is often used in biochemical studies. β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase, neisseria meningitides Chemical Structure
  12. GC38000 β-Boswellic acid A pentacyclic triterpene with diverse bioactivities β-Boswellic acid Chemical Structure
  13. GC71980 β-Caryophyllene-d2 β-Caryophyllene-d2 is deuterium labeled β-Caryophyllene. β-Caryophyllene-d2 Chemical Structure
  14. GC63275 β-Cryptoxanthin β-Cryptoxanthin ((3R)-β-Cryptoxanthin), isolated from Satsuma mandarin orange, is an oxygenated carotenoid and a potent antioxidant. β-Cryptoxanthin Chemical Structure
  15. GC40777 β-D-Glucose

    NSC 287045

    D-Glucose, a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in plants, is the primary energy source for living organisms.

     β-D-Glucose Chemical Structure
  16. GC66842 β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in leucine metabolism and can be used as a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of β-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase (MCCase). β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium Chemical Structure
  17. GC40719 β-Muricholic Acid

    5β-Cholanic Acid-3α,6β,7β-triol, β-MCA

     β-Muricholic acid is a naturally occurring trihydroxy hydrophilic bile acid, as a biliary cholesterol-desaturating agent and facilitates the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. β-Muricholic Acid Chemical Structure
  18. GC67484 β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium is an orally active reduced coenzyme. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium Chemical Structure
  19. GC70185 β-Sitostenone

    δ4-Sitosterol-3-one; β-Rosasterol oxide

    Beta-sitostenone is a sterol isolated from Cochlospermum vitifolium. It can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and has anti-melanogenesis and anti-tumor activities.

     β-Sitostenone Chemical Structure
  20. GC38010 γ-Aminobutyric acid γ-Aminobutyric acid Chemical Structure
  21. GC63279 γ-Glu-Gly TFA γ-Glu-Gly TFA Chemical Structure
  22. GC38011 γ-Secretase modulator 4 γ-Secretase modulator 4 Chemical Structure
  23. GC66048 δ-Secretase inhibitor 11 δ-Secretase inhibitor 11 (compound 11) is an orally active, potent, BBB-penetrated, non-toxic, selective and specific δ-secretase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.7 μM. δ-Secretase inhibitor 11 interacts with both the active site and allosteric site of δ-secretase. δ-Secretase inhibitor 11 attenuates tau and APP (amyloid precursor protein) cleavage. δ-Secretase inhibitor 11 ameliorates synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairments in tau P301S and 5XFAD transgenic mouse models. δ-Secretase inhibitor 11 can be used for Alzheimer's disease research. δ-Secretase inhibitor 11 Chemical Structure
  24. GC15975 α-Estradiol

    Alfatradiol, α-Estradiol, 17-epi Estradiol, NSC 20293, 17α-Oestradiol

     α-Estradiol is a weak estrogen and a 5α-reductase inhibitor which is used as a topical medication in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. α-Estradiol Chemical Structure
  25. GC30187 γ-Glu-Phe (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine)

    γ-Glutamylphenylalanine

     γ-Glu-Phe (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine) (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine) is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine) Chemical Structure
  26. GC41552 ω-3 Arachidonic Acid

    ω3 AA

     ω-3 Arachidonic acid is a rare PUFA found in trace amounts in dietary sources. ω-3 Arachidonic Acid Chemical Structure
  27. GC40259 (±)-β-Tocopherol

    DL-β-Tocopherol, rac-β-Tocopherol

     (±)-β-Tocopherol is a lipid-soluble form of vitamin E with antioxidant activity. (±)-β-Tocopherol Chemical Structure
  28. GC40260 (±)-γ-Tocopherol

    7,8-Dimethyltocol, all-rac-γ-Tocopherol, DL-γ-Tocopherol

     (±)-γ-Tocopherol is a form of vitamin E with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. (±)-γ-Tocopherol Chemical Structure
  29. GC41661 (±)-4-hydroxy Propranolol β-D-Glucuronide (±)-4-hydroxy Propranolol β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of (±)-4-hydroxy propranolol, which is a metabolite of propranolol. (±)-4-hydroxy Propranolol β-D-Glucuronide Chemical Structure
  30. GC34961 (±)-BI-D (±)-BI-D is a potent ALLINI(An allosteric IN inhibitor) that binds integrase at the LEDGF/p75 binding site. (±)-BI-D Chemical Structure
  31. GC46284 (±)-Cotinine-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of cotinine (±)-Cotinine-d3 Chemical Structure
  32. GC41670 (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)

    (±)-Adrenaline, DL-Adrenaline, DL-Epinephrine

     (±)-Epinephrine is a natural neurotransmitter that is released from the adrenal medulla and activates adrenoceptors (Kis = 15, 735, and 3,970 nM for α1A-, β2-, and β1-adrenergic receptors, respectively). (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  33. GC41671 (±)-Equol 4'-sulfate (sodium salt)

    R,S-Equol 4'-Sulfate

    (±)-Equol 4'-sulfate is a gut-mediated phase II metabolite of the isoflavonoid phytoestrogen (±)-equol.

     (±)-Equol 4'-sulfate (sodium salt) Chemical Structure
  34. GC41315 (±)-Ketoprofen Glucuronide

    rac-Ketoprofen Acyl-β-D-glucuronide, (R,S)-Ketoprofen Glucuronide

    (±)-Ketoprofen glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen.

     (±)-Ketoprofen Glucuronide Chemical Structure
  35. GC38369 (±)-Leucine (±)-Leucine Chemical Structure
  36. GC65599 (±)-Leucine-d10 (±)-Leucine-d10 Chemical Structure
  37. GC49875 (±)-N-desmethyl Venlafaxine (hydrochloride)

    Wy 45494

     A minor active metabolite of venlafaxine (±)-N-desmethyl Venlafaxine (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  38. GC39271 (±)-Naringenin

    SDihydrogenistein, NSC 11855, NSC 34875, Salipurol

     A citrusderived flavonoid (±)-Naringenin Chemical Structure
  39. GC13890 (±)-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride

    C16:0 Carnitine, CAR 16:0, DL-Carnitine hexadecanoyl ester, DL-Carnitine palmitoyl ester, Hexadecanoyl-DL-carnitine, DL-Hexadecanoylcarnitine, NSC 628323, DL-Palmitoylcarnitine

     intermediate in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (±)-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride Chemical Structure
  40. GC40229 (±)-Warfarin-d5 (±)-Warfarin-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of warfarin by GC- or LC-MS. (±)-Warfarin-d5 Chemical Structure
  41. GC41649 (±)13-HODE cholesteryl ester (±)13-HODE cholesteryl ester was originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions and shown to be produced by Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL. (±)13-HODE cholesteryl ester Chemical Structure
  42. GC19444 (±)20-HDHA

    20hydroxy Docosahexaenoic Acid, (±)20HDoHE

     An autoxidation product of DHA and potential marker of oxidative stress (±)20-HDHA Chemical Structure
  43. GC40828 (±)5-HETE lactone

    (±)5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid lactone

     (±)5-HETE lactone is a cyclic ester formed by acid-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of the C-5 hydroxyl to the C-1 carboxyl of (±)5-HETE. (±)5-HETE lactone Chemical Structure
  44. GC40442 (±)8-HETE

    (±)8-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid

     (±)8-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. (±)8-HETE Chemical Structure
  45. GC40801 (±)9(10)-DiHOME

    Leukotoxin diol

     Leukotoxin is the 9(10) epoxide of linoleic acid, generated by neutrophils during the oxidative burst. (±)9(10)-DiHOME Chemical Structure
  46. GC41666 (±)9-HODE cholesteryl ester (±)9-HODE cholesteryl ester was originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions and shown to be produced by Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL. (±)9-HODE cholesteryl ester Chemical Structure
  47. GC30586 (±) Anabasine (±) Anabasine is a biphasic muscle relaxant. (±) Anabasine Chemical Structure
  48. GC61647 (+)-Longifolene (+)-Longifolene is a sesquiterpenoid and a metabolite in rabbits. (+)-Longifolene Chemical Structure
  49. GC10675 (+,-)-Octopamine HCl

    β,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine, Epirenor, Norfen, NSC 108685, (±)-4-Octopamine, (±)-p-Octopamine

     Octopamine ((±)-p-Octopamine) hydrochloride, a biogenic monoamine structurally related to noradrenaline, acts as a neurohormone, a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter in invertebrates. (+,-)-Octopamine HCl Chemical Structure
  50. GC45245 (-)-Caryophyllene oxide

    BCP oxide, β-Caryophyllene epoxide, β-Caryophyllene oxide

     (-)-Caryophyllene oxide is a bicyclic sesquiterpene and a metabolite of β-caryophyllene that has been found in C. (-)-Caryophyllene oxide Chemical Structure
  51. GC17470 (-)-Cotinine

    NIH 10498

     α3/α6β2 nAChR activator (-)-Cotinine Chemical Structure
  52. GC17242 (-)-epigallocatechin

    (-)EGC, epi-Gallocatechin, NSC 674039

     green tea epicatechin (-)-epigallocatechin Chemical Structure
  53. GC14049 (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)

    EGCG

     (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate sulfate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea that inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Chemical Structure
  54. GC34951 (-)-Menthol

    L-Menthol, (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-Menthol, NSC 62788

     A monoterpene with diverse biological activities (-)-Menthol Chemical Structure
  55. GC45252 (-)-Sitagliptin Carbamoyl Glucuronide

    (R)-Sitagliptin Carbamoyl Glucuronide

     (-)-Sitagliptin carbamoyl glucuronide is a minor phase II metabolite of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (-)-sitagliptin. (-)-Sitagliptin Carbamoyl Glucuronide Chemical Structure
  56. GC18622 (2'S)-Nicotine-1-oxide

    Nicotine-N-oxide

     (2'S)-Nicotine-1-oxide is a metabolite of nicotine . (2'S)-Nicotine-1-oxide Chemical Structure
  57. GC38299 (2-Aminoethyl)phosphonic acid (2-Aminoethyl)phosphonic acid is an endogenous metabolite. (2-Aminoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical Structure
  58. GC68509 (25R)-12α-Hydroxyspirost-4-en-3-one

    (25R)-12α-Hydroxyspirost-4-en-3-one is a secondary metabolite produced by Nocardia globerula from Hecogenin.

     (25R)-12α-Hydroxyspirost-4-en-3-one Chemical Structure
  59. GC38265 (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid (L-(+)-Tartaric acid) is an endogenous metabolite. (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid Chemical Structure
  60. GC62731 (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol Chemical Structure
  61. GC38296 (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-Amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrochloride (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-Amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite. (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-Amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  62. GC33797 (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride is angiopathic substance produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbiota that feed on carnitine in dietary red meat. (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride Chemical Structure
  63. GC41694 (3S)-hydroxy Quinidine (3S)-hydroxy Quinidine is an active quinidine metabolite. (3S)-hydroxy Quinidine Chemical Structure
  64. GC38144 (3S,4R,5S)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one A monosaccharide (3S,4R,5S)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one Chemical Structure
  65. GC38283 (3S,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one (3S,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one (D-(-)-Tagatose) is a rare monosaccharide found in nature with prebiotic characteristics. (3S,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one Chemical Structure
  66. GC12395 (D)-(+)-Neopterin (D)-(+)-Neopterin (D-(+)-(D)-(+)-Neopterin), a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate (GTM), serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation. (D)-(+)-Neopterin Chemical Structure
  67. GC60399 (E)-10-Hydroxynortriptyline

    10(E)-hydroxy Nortriptyline

     (E)-10-Hydroxynortriptyline (E-10-OH-NT) is a metabolite of Nortriptyline. (E)-10-Hydroxynortriptyline Chemical Structure
  68. GC65239 (E)-3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid (E)-3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid is a cinnamic acid derivative obtained from the stem bark of Brombya platynema. (E)-3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid Chemical Structure
  69. GC38684 (E)-m-Coumaric acid (E)-m-Coumaric acid (3-Hydroxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid that highly abundant in food. (E)-m-Coumaric acid Chemical Structure
  70. GC62734 (E)-Oct-2-enoic acid (E)-Oct-2-enoic acid is an endogenous metabolite. (E)-Oct-2-enoic acid Chemical Structure
  71. GC40286 (E,Z)-2-propyl-2-Pentenoic Acid

    2-propyl-2-Pentenoate, 2-propylpenten-2-oic Acid, 2-ene-VPA

     (E,Z)-2-propyl-2-Pentenoic acid is a bioactive metabolite of valproic acid that exhibits the same profile and potency of anticonvulsant activity in animal models as its parent compound without any observed teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity. (E,Z)-2-propyl-2-Pentenoic Acid Chemical Structure
  72. GC49189 (E/Z)-4-hydroxy Tamoxifen-d5

    Afimoxifene-d5, 4-OHT-d5

     An internal standard for the quantification of (E/Z)-4-hydroxy tamoxifen (E/Z)-4-hydroxy Tamoxifen-d5 Chemical Structure
  73. GC67476 (E/Z)-Sulindac sulfide (E/Z)-Sulindac sulfide is a potent γ-secretase modulator (GSM). (E/Z)-Sulindac sulfide selectively reduces Aβ42 production in favor of shorter Aβ species. (E/Z)-Sulindac sulfide can be used for researching Alzheimer's disease. (E/Z)-Sulindac sulfide Chemical Structure
  74. GC60404 (Ethoxymethyl)benzene (Ethoxymethyl)benzene is an endogenous metabolite. (Ethoxymethyl)benzene Chemical Structure
  75. GA11210 (H-Cys-OH)2

    (–)-Cystine, NSC 13203

     (H-Cys-OH)2 Chemical Structure
  76. GN10783 (R) Ginsenoside Rh2 (R) Ginsenoside Rh2 Chemical Structure
  77. GC41721 (R)-α-Lipoic Acid

    (R)-(+)-Lipoic Acid

     (R)-α-Lipoic acid is the naturally occurring enantiomer of lipoic acid, a cyclic disulfide antioxidant. (R)-α-Lipoic Acid Chemical Structure
  78. GC34442 (R)-(+)-Citronellal (R)-(+)-Citronellal, isolated from citrus, lavender and eucalyptus oils, is a monoterpenoid and main component of citronellal oil with a distinct lemon scent. (R)-(+)-Citronellal Chemical Structure
  79. GC38262 (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol is used to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid. (R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical Structure
  80. GC62737 (R)-(-)-O-Desmethyl Venlafaxine D6 (R)-(-)-O-Desmethyl Venlafaxine D6 Chemical Structure
  81. GC30210 (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid Chemical Structure
  82. GC61759 (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium ((R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium Chemical Structure
  83. GC71626 (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C2 sodium (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C2 (sodium) is the 13C labeled (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (sodium) . (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C2 sodium Chemical Structure
  84. GC30661 (R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid

    (R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an intermediate in the pathways of l-valine and thymine and plays an important role in the diagnosis of the very rare inherited metabolic diseases 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria and methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.

     (R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid Chemical Structure
  85. GC38282 (R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

    (R)-5-Oxoproline, (+)-Pyroglutamic Acid

     (R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. (R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical Structure
  86. GC19012 (R)-GNE-140

    ?A TRK kinase (TKI) inhibitor

     (R)-GNE-140 Chemical Structure
  87. GC52290 (R)-HTS-3 An inhibitor of LPCAT3 (R)-HTS-3 Chemical Structure
  88. GC61858 (R)-MLN-4760 (R)-MLN-4760, the R-enantiomer of MLN-4760, is an ACE2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.4 μM. (R)-MLN-4760 Chemical Structure
  89. GC38364 (R)-Ornithine hydrochloride (R)-Ornithine hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  90. GC38363 (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical Structure
  91. GC38720 (R)-Trolox (R)-Trolox is a vitamin E analogue and a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.83 mM and a ID50 value of 1.88 mM. The (R)-Trolox has stronger tyrosinase affinity than the (S) enantiomer (Ki value of 0.61 mM). (R)-Trolox Chemical Structure
  92. GC39832 (R,R)-(+)-Hydrobenzoin (R,R)-(+)-Hydrobenzoin is a organocatalysts. (R,R)-(+)-Hydrobenzoin Chemical Structure
  93. GC41722 (R,S)-Carvedilol Glucuronide (R,S)-Carvedilol glucuronide is a racemic mixture of the carvedilol metabolites (R)-carvedilol glucuronide and (S)-carvedilol glucuronide. (R,S)-Carvedilol Glucuronide Chemical Structure
  94. GC34417 (R,S)-Ivosidenib ((R,S)-AG-120) (R,S)-Ivosidenib ((R,S)-AG-120) Chemical Structure
  95. GC60410 (Rac)-3′-Hydroxy simvastatin (Rac)-3′-Hydroxy simvastatin is a metabolite of Simvastatin. (Rac)-3′-Hydroxy simvastatin Chemical Structure
  96. GC68414 (Rac)-Atropine-d3

    (Rac)-Tropine tropate-d3; (Rac)-Hyoscyamine-d3

     (Rac)-Atropine-d3 Chemical Structure
  97. GC67993 (Rac)-Cotinine-d4

    (±)-Cotinine-d4; (Rac)-NIH-10498-d4

     (Rac)-Cotinine-d4 Chemical Structure
  98. GC62744 (Rac)-OSMI-1 (Rac)-OSMI-1 is the racemate of OSMI-1. (Rac)-OSMI-1 Chemical Structure
  99. GC39833 (S)-(+)-1,2-Propanediol (S)-(+)-1,2-Propanediol is an endogenous metabolite. (S)-(+)-1,2-Propanediol Chemical Structure
  100. GC62747 (S)-(-)-Citronellal (S)-(-)-Citronellal Chemical Structure
  101. GC38371 (S)-(-)-Phenylethanol (S)-(-)-Phenylethanol is an endogenous metabolite. (S)-(-)-Phenylethanol Chemical Structure

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