Diabetes

GLP-1 (7-36) amide is a peptide hormone released from intestinal L-cells upon nutrient consumption.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-37) is an endogenous incretin hormone and truncated form of GLP-1 (1-37) that is produced via cleavage of preproglucagon in the pancreas and intestine.

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an endogenous peptide hormone formed in L cells of the small and large intestine by cleavage of proglucagon in response to nutrient ingestion.

An inactive control for glucagon receptor antagonist I

Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.

Glyburide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2 (IC50 = 4.3 nM).

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor found predominantly in the liver that is involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.

Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) dihydrochloride is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. HA-1077 (hydrochloride) is also a potent Ca2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator.

Lactisole is a canonical antagonist of sweet taste receptor, selectively targeting to T1R3 subunit.

Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate is a metabolite of the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid.

MHY908 is a dual agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ that increases transcriptional activity of PPARα and PPARγ in a luciferase reporter assay in AC2F rat liver cells when used at a concentration of 5 μM.

MLS-0322825 Cmpd 23 is a selective inhibitor of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP), with an IC50 of 0.8 μM LMPTP-A.

Agmatine is a natural polyamine formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of arginine.

ND-336 is a selective inhibitor of the gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, as well as MMP-14 (Kis = 85, 150, and 120 nM, respectively).

N-Oleoyl Leucine is a fatty acid–amino acid conjugate (FAAA) that belongs to the family of N-acyl amino acids.

Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide hormone that is formed by cleavage of the ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide.

Osteocalcin (1-49) is a non-collagenous peptide that is secreted by osteoblasts and odontoblasts and comprises 1-2% of the total protein in bone.

Oxyntomodulin, also known as glucagon-37, is a 37-amino acid peptide produced in bovine and porcine gut.

Palmitoleic acid is an ω-7 monounsaturated fatty acid that is a common constituent of the triglycerides of human adipose tissue.

Pioglitazone (U 72107) potassium is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 μM and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively.

Platensimycin (PTM) is an antibiotic produced by S.

PTP1B Inhibitor is a non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B, with an IC50 of 8 μM.

Remogliflozin etabonate is a prodrug form of the sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor remogliflozin A.

Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) potassium is an orally active selective PPARγ agonist (EC50: 60 nM, Kd: 40 nM).