SN50, the NF-κB cell-permeable inhibitory peptide. It is comprised of the hydrophilic region of the signal peptide of Kaposi fibroblast growth factor as a membrane translocating motif and a nuclear localization sequence derived from the p50 subunit of NF-κB[1].
SN50(20 µg/ml; 12 hs) could induce the microglia differentiation into M2 type through the NF-κB pathway. The SN50-induced microglia can protect neurons from hypoxic injury[2]. SN50 (25 µg/ml; 24 hs) could induce robust differentiation of GSCs, and the differentiated daughter cells lose the neuroglobular motility, invasiveness, and treatment insensitivity tumorigenicity of tumor stem cells[4].
SN50(100µl,10,30,60µg/ml; i.p.;1h) attenuated alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition in ARDS via inhibition of NF-κB p65 translocation[5].SN50(1µM) protected against LPS-induced lung injury in isolated rat lungs by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation[6]. Topical SN50 (10µM; 12 days) suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation in local cells and reduced the incidence of epithelial defects/ulceration in C57BL/6 mice healing corneas[7].
References:
[1]. Lin YZ, Yao SY,et al. Inhibition of nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF kappa B by a synthetic peptide containing a cell membrane-permeable motif and nuclear localization sequence. J Biol Chem. 1995;270(24):14255-8.
[2]. Chian CF, Chiang CH, et, al. Inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, SN50, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in an isolated and perfused rat lung model. Transl Res. 2014 Mar;163(3):211-20. doi 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 12. PMID: 24646628.
[3]. Zhang L, Ren X, et, al. The NFκB inhibitor, SN50, induces differentiation of glioma stem cells and suppresses their oncogenic phenotype. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 May;15(5):602-11. doi: 10.4161/cbt.28158. Epub 2014 Feb 20. PMID: 24557012; PMCID: PMC4026083.
[4]. Zhao K, Zhu BS, et, al. SN50 enhances the effects of LY294002 on cell death induction in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. Arch Med Sci. 2013 Dec 30;9(6):990-8. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2013.39790. Epub 2013 Dec 26. PMID: 24482641; PMCID: PMC3902720.
[5]. Wu Y, Wang Y, et, al.SN50 attenuates alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition in acute respiratory distress syndrome mice through inhibiting NF-κB p65 translocation. Respir Res. 2020 May 27;21(1):130. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01372-6. PMID: 32460750; PMCID: PMC7251840.
[6]. Chian CF, Chiang CH, et, al. Inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, SN50, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in an isolated and perfused rat lung model. Transl Res. 2014 Mar;163(3):211-20. doi 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 12. PMID: 24646628.
[7]. Saika S, Miyamoto T, et,al. The therapeutic effect of topical administration of SN50, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB, in the treatment of corneal alkali burns in mice. Am J Pathol. 2005 May;166(5):1393-403. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62357-7. PMID: 15855640; PMCID: PMC1606394.