SynaptoRedTM C2 is a membrane-selective red fluorescent dye and a highly lipophilic water-soluble styrene dye that can specifically bind to cell membranes and endomembranous organelles to produce fluorescence with an excitation wavelength of 530-560nm and an emission wavelength of 590-650nm[1, 2]. SynaptoRedTM C2 can be used as a marker for endocytic and exocytic membrane structures and is also used to track synaptic activity by staining synaptic vesicles at synapses or neuromuscular junctions[3]. SynaptoRedTM C2 can be used to stain bacteria (Gram-positive or Gram-negative) and yeast, but is rapidly internalized into the vacuole membrane in yeast[4, 5].
References:
[1] Betz W J, Mao F, Bewick G S. Activity-dependent fluorescent staining and destaining of living vertebrate motor nerve terminals[J]. Journal of Neuroscience, 1992, 12(2): 363-375.
[2] Kang S Y, Pokhrel A, Bratsch S, et al. Engineering Bacillus subtilis for the formation of a durable living biocomposite material[J]. Nature communications, 2021, 12(1): 7133.
[3] Fischer‐Parton S, Parton R M, Hickey P C, et al. Confocal microscopy of FM4‐64 as a tool for analysing endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae[J]. Journal of microscopy, 2000, 198(3): 246-259.
[4] Wang H Y, Hua X W, Jia H R, et al. Universal cell surface imaging for mammalian, fungal, and bacterial cells[J]. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2016, 2(6): 987-997.
[5] Fischer‐Parton S, Parton R M, Hickey P C, et al. Confocal microscopy of FM4‐64 as a tool for analysing endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae[J]. Journal of microscopy, 2000, 198(3): 246-259.
















