Vanillic acid |
Catalog No.GC13429
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Vanillic acid is a natural phenolic acid compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hypoglycemic and anticancer pharmacological effects.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 121-34-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Vanillic acid is a natural phenolic acid compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hypoglycemic and anticancer pharmacological effects. Vanillic acid scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species, inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression, downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and modulates signaling pathways including NF-κB, MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1. Vanillic acid can be used in research on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and its complications, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer[1-4].
In vitro, treatment of H₂O₂-induced H9c2 cells with 50-200µM Vanillic acid for 3 hours reduced apoptosis rate and lactate dehydrogenase release, decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and improved autophagic flux and mitophagy[5]. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 300µM Vanillic acid for 18-24 hours elevated PGC-1α and TFAM mRNA expression, and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial mass[6]. Treatment of D.Mel-2 cells with 250µg/mL Vanillic acid for 24 hours elevated catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione level[7].
In vivo, oral gavage of 50-100mg/kg Vanillic acid once daily for 2 weeks to arsenic-exposed NMRI mice. Vanillic acid reduced fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance test area under curve, decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and alleviated liver pathological changes including inflammatory infiltration and erythrocyte accumulation[8]. Daily intraperitoneal injection of 20mg/kg Vanillic acid to Swiss albino mice for 30 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of 80mg/kg N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea on day 31. Vanillic acid increased survival rate within 120 days and delayed death time[9]. Oral gavage of 12.5-50mg/kg Vanillic acid once daily for 7 days to DSS-induced colitis C57BL/6 mice. Vanillic acid reduced body weight loss and colon shortening, decreased disease activity index score, and alleviated colonic mucosal damage and inflammatory cell infiltration[10].
References:
[1] Yalameha B, Nejabati HR, Nouri M. Cardioprotective potential of vanillic acid. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2023 Mar;50(3):193-204.
[2] Lashgari NA, Roudsari NM, Momtaz S, et al. Regulatory Mechanisms of Vanillic Acid in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review. Curr Med Chem. 2023;30(22):2562-2576.
[3] Shekari S, Khonsha F, Rahmati-Yamchi M, et al. Vanillic Acid and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Focus on AMPK in Adipose and Liver Tissues. Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(46):4686-4692.
[4] Gong J, Zhou S, Yang S. Vanillic Acid Suppresses HIF-1α Expression via Inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 and Raf/MEK/ERK Pathways in Human Colon Cancer HCT116 Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 22;20(3):465.
[5] Mei M, Sun H, Xu J, et al. Vanillic acid attenuates H2O2-induced injury in H9c2 cells by regulating mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin/Mfn2 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Sep 7;13:976156.
[6] Ay M. Vanillic acid induces mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2022;49(7):4443-9.
[7] Taqvi S, Bhat EA, Sajjad N, et al. Protective effect of vanillic acid in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in D.Mel-2 cell line. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(3):1795-800.
[8] Shariati S, Khodayar MJ, Azadnasab R, et al. Protective Effects of Vanillic Acid on Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Diabetes in Mice; the Role of PPARγ and NF-κB Signaling. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2025 Jan;13(4):549-60.
[9] Salimi A, Haddadi S, Khezri S, et al. Vanillic acid protects mortality and toxicity induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in mice; in vivo model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Toxicol Rep. 2024;12:389-96.
[10] Nia J, Zhang L, Feng G, et al. Vanillic acid restores homeostasis of intestinal epithelium in colitis through inhibiting CA9/STIM1-mediated ferroptosis. Pharmacol Res. 2024;202:107128.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma cell line) |
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Preparation Method |
SH-SY5Y cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 2mM L-glutamine, 50units penicillin and 50μg/mL streptomycin at 37°C, 5% CO2. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 300µM Vanillic acid for 18h for PGC-1α and TFAM mRNA detection by RT-qPCR; treated with 300µM Vanillic acid for 24h for mtDNA copy number (ND1/GAPDH) by qPCR, mitochondrial mass by MitoTracker Green FM staining, and PD-related gene expression by RT2 Profiler PCR Array. |
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Reaction Conditions |
300µM; 18h-24h |
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Applications |
Vanillic acid increased PGC-1α and TFAM mRNA expressions. Vanillic acid elevated mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial mass. Vanillic acid upregulated SLC6A3, HTR2A, DLK1, PARK2, NR4A2, TH and SYT11 mRNA expressions and downregulated LRRK2, RGS4, PAN2, DRD2 and UBB mRNA expressions. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
NMRI male mice |
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Preparation Method |
NMRI male mice were given drinking water containing 50ppm arsenic for 8 weeks. In the last 2 weeks (day 43-56), mice were orally gavaged with Vanillic acid at 50-100mg/kg once daily. On day 57, fasting blood glucose was measured and glucose tolerance test was performed (2g/kg D-glucose i.p. after 30min of arsenic water); on day 59 mice were euthanized, serum collected for ALT/AST/ALP, liver harvested for CAT/SOD/GPx/TT/TBARS/NO/TNF-α assays, NF-κB and PPARγ protein by Western blot, PPARγ mRNA by RT-qPCR, and H&E histology. |
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Dosage form |
50-100mg/kg; oral gavage; once daily for 14 days |
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Applications |
Vanillic acid decreased fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance test area under curve. Vanillic acid decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities. Vanillic acid increased hepatic CAT, SOD and GPx activities and total thiol content, and decreased hepatic TBARS. Vanillic acid decreased hepatic NO level and TNF-α level. Vanillic acid decreased hepatic NF-κB protein expression and increased hepatic PPARγ protein and mRNA expression. Vanillic acid reduced arsenic-induced liver inflammatory infiltration and erythrocyte accumulation. |
References: [1] Ay M. Vanillic acid induces mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2022;49(7):4443-9. [2] Shariati S, Khodayar MJ, Azadnasab R, et al. Protective Effects of Vanillic Acid on Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Diabetes in Mice; the Role of PPARγ and NF-κB Signaling. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2025 Jan;13(4):549-60. | |
| Cas No. | 121-34-6 | SDF | |
| Chemical Name | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | COC1=C(O)C=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 | ||
| Formula | C8H8O4 | M.Wt | 168.15 |
| Solubility | ≥ 5.6mg/mL in Water with ultrasonic and warming | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.9471 mL | 29.7354 mL | 59.4707 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.1894 mL | 5.9471 mL | 11.8941 mL |
| 10 mM | 594.7 μL | 2.9735 mL | 5.9471 mL |
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Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.50% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 33 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)