Chlorogenic acid is a potent neuroprotective agent and also has antiviral,antifungal antioxidant and antitumor properties. CGA is also involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and improving insulin sensitivity [1].
Chlorogenic acid (25, 50 μM; 24h) dose-dependently reduced the expression of p-c-Myc and increased the expression of p21 in U87MG and M059J cells[1]; Chlorogenic acid (30, 60 μM, 24h) inhibited the proliferation of B16 melanoma cells; After co-incubation of B16 melanoma cells with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), chlorogenic acid (500 μM, 24h) reduced melanin production in B16 melanoma cells and inhibited tyrosinase activity[2].
Chlorogenic acid (75mg/kg, ip, bid) inhibited the tumor growth of rat C6 glioma, with a tumor volume inhibition rate of 57%[1]. In the LPS-induced acute lung injury model, chlorogenic acid (50 mg/kg, ip) inhibited the LPS-induced increase in lung tissue MPO activity and the migration of neutrophils (PMN) to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and blocked the release of nitric oxide (NO) induced by LPS stimulation [3]. Chlorogenic acid (100 mg/kg, ip, biw, 6 weeks) treatment inhibited HFD-induced liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Chlorogenic acid inhibited the expression of liver Pparγ, Cd36, Fabp4 and Mgat1 genes, reduced inflammation in the liver and white adipose tissue, and was accompanied by a decrease in the mRNA levels of macrophage marker genes (including F4/80, Cd68, Cd11b, Cd11c, and Tnfα, Mcp-1 and Ccr2 encoding inflammatory proteins) [4].
References:
[1]. Huang S, Wang LL, Xue NN, Li C, Guo HH, Ren TK, Zhan Y, Li WB, Zhang J, Chen XG, Han YX, Zhang JL, Jiang JD. Chlorogenic acid effectively treats cancers through induction of cancer cell differentiation. Theranostics. 2019 Sep 19;9(23):6745-6763.
[2]. Li HR, Habasi M, Xie LZ, Aisa HA. Effect of chlorogenic acid on melanogenesis of B16 melanoma cells. Molecules. 2014 Aug 25;19(9):12940-8.
[3]. Zhang X, Huang H, Yang T, Ye Y, Shan J, Yin Z, Luo L. Chlorogenic acid protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Injury. 2010 Jul;41(7):746-52.
[4]. Ma Y, Gao M, Liu D. Chlorogenic acid improves high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice. Pharm Res. 2015 Apr;32(4):1200-9.