Inosinic acid (IMP) is a nucleotide that plays a central role in purine metabolism and is also an important flavor enhancer in food[1]. Inosinic acid can be further converted into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and it participates in the energy metabolism process within cells[2]. Inosinic acid is commonly used as a food additive (E630), and when used in combination with monosodium glutamate (MSG), Inosinic acid significantly enhances the umami flavor of food and is widely used in feed additives[3]. Inosinic acid also shows potential research value in immune regulation and neuroprotection[4].
In vitro, treatment of lineage⁻/low bone marrow cells with Inosinic acid (15mM) for 15–30 minutes activates the pAkt and pS6 signaling pathways, stimulating the upregulation of cKit membrane expression and promoting the proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP) and the generation of Gr-1⁺ granulocytes[5].
In vivo, Inosinic acid (45mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 15 minutes after X-ray irradiation to treat male Kv:SHK strain mice that had undergone 7Gy total body irradiation. Inosinic acid significantly increased the survival rate after a lethal dose of irradiation, alleviated radiation-induced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and reduced the level of DNA damage in bone marrow and thymus cells[6]. Inosinic acid (1000mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into 10- to 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice with sepsis. Inosinic acid significantly inhibited TNF-α production in sepsis and enhanced IL-10 levels[7].
References:
[1] Dewulf JP, Marie S, Nassogne MC. Disorders of purine biosynthesis metabolism. Mol Genet Metab. 2022 Jul;136(3):190-198.
[2] Takahashi H, Tokura M, Kawarasaki S, et al. Metabolomics reveals inosine 5'-monophosphate is increased during mice adipocyte browning. J Biol Chem. 2022 Oct;298(10):102456.
[3] Zhang GQ, Ma QG, Ji C. Effects of dietary inosinic acid on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and deposition of inosinic acid in broilers. Poult Sci. 2008 Jul;87(7):1364-9.
[4] Duong-Ly KC, Kuo YM, Johnson MC, et al. T cell activation triggers reversible inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase assembly. J Cell Sci. 2018 Sep 5;131(17):jcs223289.
[5] Luo XM, Lam SM, Dong Y, et al. The purine metabolite inosine monophosphate accelerates myelopoiesis and acute pancreatitis progression. Commun Biol. 2022 Oct 12;5(1):1088.
[6] Asadullina NR, Usacheva AM, Gudkov SV. Protection of mice against X-ray injuries by the post-irradiation administration of inosine-5'-monophosphate. J Radiat Res. 2012;53(2):211-6.
[7] Lovászi M, Németh ZH, Gause WC, et al. Inosine monophosphate and inosine differentially regulate endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis. FASEB J. 2021 Nov;35(11):e21935.