4′-Hydroxywarfarin is a regioisomeric phenolic derivative of Warfarin. 4′-Hydroxywarfarin is a major metabolite of Warfarin in mammals and serves as a metabolic probe for the diversity of cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes [1] [2].
In Vitro, 4′-Hydroxywarfarin (compound W4) (10 mM) undergoes concentration-dependent upward pKa shifts when complexed with neutral β-Cyclodextrin [1]. 4′-Hydroxywarfarin (0.5 mg/mL; 6 d) is produced via biotransformation of Warfarin by Cunninghamella bainieri (UI-3065) cell suspension cultures, yielding 2 mg of pure metabolite[2]. 4′-Hydroxywarfarin (12.5 mg per flask; 12-48 h) is produced from 4′-deuterowarfarin by Cunninghamella bainieri (UI-3065) cell suspension cultures with an average 80% deuterium migration and retention[2].
References:
[1]. Nowak, Paweł M, et al. Modulation of pK a by cyclodextrins; subtle structural changes induce spectacularly different behaviors. RSC Adv., 5(95), 77545–77552.
[2]. Rizzo JD, et al. Microbial models of mammalian metabolism: conversion of warfarin to 4'-hydroxywarfarin using Cunninghamella bainieri. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 1989 Mar;78(3):183-9.
In Vitro, 4′-Hydroxywarfarin (compound W4) (10 mM) undergoes concentration-dependent upward pKa shifts when complexed with neutral β-Cyclodextrin [1]. 4′-Hydroxywarfarin (0.5 mg/mL; 6 d) is produced via biotransformation of Warfarin by Cunninghamella bainieri (UI-3065) cell suspension cultures, yielding 2 mg of pure metabolite[2]. 4′-Hydroxywarfarin (12.5 mg per flask; 12-48 h) is produced from 4′-deuterowarfarin by Cunninghamella bainieri (UI-3065) cell suspension cultures with an average 80% deuterium migration and retention[2].
References:
[1]. Nowak, Paweł M, et al. Modulation of pK a by cyclodextrins; subtle structural changes induce spectacularly different behaviors. RSC Adv., 5(95), 77545–77552.
[2]. Rizzo JD, et al. Microbial models of mammalian metabolism: conversion of warfarin to 4'-hydroxywarfarin using Cunninghamella bainieri. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 1989 Mar;78(3):183-9.