MIF-1 TFA is an antibiotic with melanin synthesis inhibitory activity that strongly inhibits melanin formation[1]. MIF-1 TFA activates the dopamine D2 receptor, regulating dopamine neurotransmission within the central nervous system and enhancing the behavioral effects of levodopa[2]. MIF-1 TFA has been widely used to promote the development of dopamine D2 receptors in the rat striatum[3].
In vitro, MIF-1 TFA treatment (10ng/ml) for 1 hour increased the expression of c-Fos in SH-SY5Y cells and regulated the pERK and pSTAT3 pathways[4].
In vivo, a single intravenous injection of MIF-1 TFA (10µg) resulted in an increase in the expression of c-Fos in the mouse brain 4 hours later[4].
References:
[1] Ishihara Y, Oka M, Tsunakawa M, et al. Melanostatin, a new melanin synthesis inhibitor production, isolation, chemical properties, structure and biological activity[J]. The Journal of Antibiotics, 1991, 44(1): 25-32.
[2] Bhagwanth S, Mishra R K, Johnson R L. Development of peptidomimetic ligands of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 as allosteric modulators of the dopamine D2 receptor[J]. Beilstein journal of organic chemistry, 2013, 9(1): 204-214.
[3] Saleh M I, Kostrzewa R M. MIF-1 attenuates spiroperidol alteration of striatal dopamine D2 receptor ontogeny[J]. Peptides, 1989, 10(1): 35-39.
[4] Khan R S, Yu C, Kastin A J, et al. Brain Activation by Peptide Pro‐Leu‐Gly‐NH2 (MIF‐1)[J]. International journal of peptides, 2010, 2010(1): 537639.