DMPO (Synonyms: 5,5Dimethyl1PyrrolineNOxide) |
Catalog No.GC13957
One-Click Copy Product Info
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DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) is a water-soluble nitric oxide spin trap that can be used to measure oxygen-centered free radicals in biological systems at room temperature using electron spin resonance (ESR).
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 3317-61-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) is a water-soluble nitric oxide spin trap that can be used to measure oxygen-centered free radicals in biological systems at room temperature using electron spin resonance (ESR) [1]. The spin trap reacts with free radicals to form stable adducts that can be further studied [2]. DMPO is water-soluble, rapidly permeates lipid bilayers, has low toxicity, and can be used in vitro and in vivo [3, 4].
In vitro, DMPO (50 mM) treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages for 24 h showed anti-inflammatory activity, reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK, Akt and IκBα, and reduced NF-κB p65 translocation[5].
In vivo, DMPO (10-100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) had an analgesic effect on formalin-induced hyperalgesia in rats[6].
References:
[1] Wang P, Zweier J L. Measurement of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite generation in the postischemic heart: evidence for peroxynitrite-mediated reperfusion injury[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1996, 271(46): 29223-29230.
[2] Bačić G, Spasojević I, Šećerov B, et al. Spin-trapping of oxygen free radicals in chemical and biological systems: new traps, radicals and possibilities[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2008, 69(5): 1354-1366.
[3]West M B, Rokosh G, Obal D, et al. Cardiac myocyte–specific expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury by preventing mitochondrial permeability transition[J]. Circulation, 2008, 118(19): 1970-1978.
[4]Qin X, Wu C, Niu D, et al. Peroxisome inspired hybrid enzyme nanogels for chemodynamic and photodynamic therapy[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 5243.
[5]Zhai Z, Gomez-Mejiba S E, Zhu H, et al. The spin trap 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells[J]. Life sciences, 2012, 90(11-12): 432-439.
[6]Chung W S, Go Y G, Lee W H. Antinociceptive effect of intraperitoneally administered 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide on formalin induced nociception in rats[J]. Korean J Anesthesiol, 2008, 54(3).
This plan only provides a guide, please modify it to meet your specific needs.
1. Solution preparation
(1)Working solution: Dissolve DMPO in experimental buffer to a final concentration of 1 M. Use 0.22μm filter film filter.
Note: Please adjust the optimal working concentration according to the actual situation or refer to the literature to set the gradient concentration by yourself. The working solution must be prepared and used immediately.
2. In vivo detection of oxygen free radicals using DMPO [1, 2] (from the literature, for reference only)
(1)Induce intraperitoneal anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (5 mg). Remove the heart, connect the ascending aorta cannula, and perfuse with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at a constant flow rate (2 mL/min).
(2)After ischemia, dissolve DMPO in a buffer containing 100μM diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to a final concentration of 1 M. Immediately during reperfusion, inject the trap at a rate of 100μL/min through the side arm close to the heart.
(3)During reperfusion, collect the effluent regularly until reperfusion for 5 minutes at the specified time interval. After collecting the samples, freeze each tube in liquid nitrogen immediately.
(4)Use a spectrometer to detect and record the signal of oxygen free radicals captured by DMPO.
3. In vitro detection of hydroxyl free radicals using DMPO [3] (from the literature, for reference only)
(1) Add different concentrations of Fe3O4 solution to 1 mL of sample. Add 10 μL of DMPO working solution to each sample as a free radical scavenger. Incubate the sample at 37°C for 6 hours to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out. Add 10 μL of DMPO working solution to 1 mL PBS as a control group of the reaction solution.
(2) The reaction mixture was filtered using a 0.22 µm filter to remove solid residues and large particles.
(3) Use a spectrometer to detect and record the signal of hydroxyl free radicals captured by DMPO.
Note: This protocol provides guidance for the detection of oxygen-centered free radicals using DMPO in vivo and in vitro. It can be adjusted according to other literature and specific experimental requirements.
References:
[1]West M B, Rokosh G, Obal D, et al. Cardiac myocyte–specific expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury by preventing mitochondrial permeability transition[J]. Circulation, 2008, 118(19): 1970-1978.
[2]Wang P, Chen H, Qin H, et al. Overexpression of human copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) prevents postischemic injury[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1998, 95(8): 4556-4560.
[3]Qin X, Wu C, Niu D, et al. Peroxisome inspired hybrid enzyme nanogels for chemodynamic and photodynamic therapy[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 5243.
| Cas No. | 3317-61-1 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | 5,5Dimethyl1PyrrolineNOxide | ||
| Chemical Name | 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole 1-oxide | ||
| Canonical SMILES | [O-][N+]1=CCCC1(C)C | ||
| Formula | C6H11NO | M.Wt | 113.16 |
| Solubility | H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (883.70 mM) DMSO : 100 mg/mL (883.70 mM; Need ultrasonic) | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 8.837 mL | 44.1852 mL | 88.3704 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.7674 mL | 8.837 mL | 17.6741 mL |
| 10 mM | 883.7 μL | 4.4185 mL | 8.837 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >97.00% Appearance: Solid-liquid mixture
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 37 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)