FB231 is a Parkin activator. FB231 can induce mild mitochondrial stress, resulting in impaired mitochondrial function and activation of the integrated stress response. FB231 can lower the threshold for mitochondrial toxins to induce PINK1/Parkin -mediated mitophagy. FB231 can cause activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and perturbation to iron-dependent pathways. FB231 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Parkinson’s disease [1].
In Vitro, FB231 activates Parkin and enhances Parkin-mediated mitophagy induced by low-dose Oligomycin /Antimycin (O/A) (EC50 = 0.67 μM)[1]. FB231 (0.3125-20 μM, 6-24 h) reduces the threshold of O/A-induced mitophagy in YFP-Parkin/mt-Keima-expressing HeLa cells and SH-SY5Y cells with endogenous Parkin[1]. FB231 effectively chelates Fe2+ with an EC50 of 23.2 μM[1]. FB231 (6 h) increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and reduces cell sensitivity to the complex V inhibitor Oligomycin in WT HeLa cells[1]. FB231 (3.125-20μM, 24 h) reduces cell viability in HeLa and SH-SY5Y cells[1]. FB231 (10 μM, 16 h) induces the expression of ISR markers ATF3, ATF4, and IFRD1 in WT HeLa, YFP-Parkin HeLa, and PINK1-knockout HeLa cells [1]. FB231 (40 μM) stabilizes the HECT domain E3 ligase HERC4 and destabilizes the iron-responsive protein IREB2[1].
References:
[1]. Rosencrans WM, et al. Putative PINK1/Parkin activators lower the threshold for mitophagy by sensitizing cells to mitochondrial stress. Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 29;11(35):eady0240.
In Vitro, FB231 activates Parkin and enhances Parkin-mediated mitophagy induced by low-dose Oligomycin /Antimycin (O/A) (EC50 = 0.67 μM)[1]. FB231 (0.3125-20 μM, 6-24 h) reduces the threshold of O/A-induced mitophagy in YFP-Parkin/mt-Keima-expressing HeLa cells and SH-SY5Y cells with endogenous Parkin[1]. FB231 effectively chelates Fe2+ with an EC50 of 23.2 μM[1]. FB231 (6 h) increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and reduces cell sensitivity to the complex V inhibitor Oligomycin in WT HeLa cells[1]. FB231 (3.125-20μM, 24 h) reduces cell viability in HeLa and SH-SY5Y cells[1]. FB231 (10 μM, 16 h) induces the expression of ISR markers ATF3, ATF4, and IFRD1 in WT HeLa, YFP-Parkin HeLa, and PINK1-knockout HeLa cells [1]. FB231 (40 μM) stabilizes the HECT domain E3 ligase HERC4 and destabilizes the iron-responsive protein IREB2[1].
References:
[1]. Rosencrans WM, et al. Putative PINK1/Parkin activators lower the threshold for mitophagy by sensitizing cells to mitochondrial stress. Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 29;11(35):eady0240.